Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society

Richard T.Schaefer

doi:10.4135/9781412963879

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Hate Crimes in Canada

Edited by:
Richard T. Schaefer
In:Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society
Chapter DOI:https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963879
Subject:Race & Ethnicity
Keywords:Canada; hate crimes; violence

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Like most other Western nations, Canada has had its share of bias-motivated violence—what is often called crime—throughout history. From the periodic assaults on First Nations communities, to the riotous attacks on Chinese laborers during the 1880s, to the recent spate of ...

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  Schaefer, R. T. (2008). Hate crimes in canada. In Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society (Vol. 3, pp. 592-594). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963879
  
  Schaefer, Richard T. "Hate Crimes in Canada." In Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society, edited by Schaefer, Richard T., 592-94. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2008. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963879.
  
  Schaefer, R. T. 2008. Hate Crimes in Canada. In: Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society. Richard T. Schaefer Editor, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 592-594 Available at: <https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963879> [Accessed 4 Dec 2023].
  
  Schaefer, Richard T. "Hate Crimes in Canada." Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society. Edited by Vol. 3. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2008, pp. 592-94. Sage Knowledge, doi: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963879.
  
  Schaefer, Richard T.. Hate crimes in canada. In Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society. Vol. 3. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2008: 592-594. doi:10.4135/9781412963879
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