Intervention Studies

Intervention studies are broadly defined as those that include an action or component intended to promote health or prevent disease by influencing, affecting, or manipulating environmental, behavioral, or etiological aspects of a disease. In other words, an intervention is designed with the express intention of improving health at the individual or group level. One of the most famous interventions in modern biomedicine occurred in 1854 when John Snow, a medical doctor, advocated removing the pump handle from a public water pump located on London's Broad Street. Snow believed that the Broad Street pump was the source of contaminated water contributing to a cholera [Page 562]epidemic in the city. Snow's earlier observations of cholera convinced him that the disease was transmitted through direct physical contact with ...