Industrial Revolution

The Term RÉvolution industrielle was first used by French historians at the beginning of the 19th century, but later on it became a widespread phenomenon. Industrial Revolution became well known, especially by the Arnold Toynbee's Lectures on the Industrial Revolution in England published in 1884. His term referred to the application of power-driven machinery to textile manufacturing in Britain. In the 18th century, all of Western Europe (especially England) experienced the process of rapid economic change that transformed all aspects of human life.

Toynbee was not a historian, and his ideas have been criticized by leading historians such as Rondo Cameron and A.P. Usher, but his ideas have largely influenced our understanding of modern history. None can deny the profound and aggressive economic and social change ...