SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime

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Adulteration, Economically Motivated

By: John W. Spink
In: Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime
Edited by: Lawrence M. Salinger
Subject:White Collar & Corporate Crime
Keywords:drugs and food; food; food fraud; food safety; fraud; prevention; white collar

Economically motivated adulteration (EMA), a subcategory of product fraud, is an offense that, while seemingly clearly a white-collar or corporate crime, often defies classification. There is evidence of this type of fraud back to Roman times. EMA covers adulteration and applies ...

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  Spink, J. (2013). Adulteration, economically motivated. In L. M. Salinger (Ed.), Encyclopedia of white-collar and corporate crime (Vol. 1, pp. 12-13). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781452276175.n6
  
  Spink, John W. "Adulteration, Economically Motivated." In Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime, 2nd ed.edited by Salinger, Lawrence M., 12-13. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452276175.n6.
  
  Spink, J. 2013. Adulteration, Economically Motivated. In: Lawrence M. Salinger Editor, 2013. Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime, 2nd edn, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 12-13 Available at: <http://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781452276175.n6> [Accessed 15 Apr 2021].
  
  Spink, John W. "Adulteration, Economically Motivated." Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime. Edited by Lawrence M. Salinger.2nd ed Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2013, pp. 12-13. SAGE Knowledge. 15 Apr 2021, doi: http://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781452276175.n6.
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