SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime

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Adulteration, Economically Motivated

In: Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime
Edited by: Lawrence M. Salinger
Subject:White Collar & Corporate Crime

Economically motivated adulteration (EMA), a subcategory of product fraud, is an offense that, while seemingly clearly a white-collar or corporate crime, often defies classification. There is evidence of this type of fraud back to Roman times. EMA covers adulteration and applies ...

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  Salinger, L. M. (2013). Adulteration, economically motivated. In Encyclopedia of white-collar and corporate crime (Vol. 1, pp. 12-13). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452276175.n6
  
  Salinger, Lawrence M. "Adulteration, Economically Motivated." In Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime, 2nd ed.edited by Salinger, Lawrence M., 12-13. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2013. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452276175.n6.
  
  Salinger, L. M. 2013. Adulteration, Economically Motivated. In: Lawrence M. Salinger Editor, 2013. Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime, 2nd edn, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 12-13 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452276175.n6> [Accessed 9 Aug 2022].
  
  Salinger, Lawrence M. "Adulteration, Economically Motivated." Encyclopedia of White-Collar and Corporate Crime. Edited by2nd ed Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2013, pp. 12-13. SAGE Knowledge. 9 Aug 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452276175.n6.
  
  Salinger, Lawrence M. (2013). Adulteration, economically motivated In:Adulteration, economically motivated Encyclopedia of white-collar and corporate crime Vol. 1. 2 ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2013:12-13. doi:10.4135/9781452276175.n6
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