- Entry
- Reader's guide
- Entries A-Z
- Subject index
Spiral of Silence
Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, a German public opinion researcher and professor of communications research, coined the term spiral of silence while trying to explain public opinion polls' failure to predict outcomes of elections in West Germany. The spiral of silence model began as an ...
- Celebrities and Pioneers in Social Media and Politics
- Actors and Social Media in Politics
- Antibullying Campaigns
- Antislavery Campaign and Social Media
- Artists and Social Media in Politics
- Born This Way Foundation
- Musicians and Social Media in Politics
- Pioneers in Social Media and Politics
- Television Personalities and Social Media in Politics
- Water.org
- Writers and Social Media in Politics
- Zuckerberg, Mark
- Congressional Social Media Usage (Most Active Members)
- Bachmann, Michele
- Boehner, John
- Cantor, Eric
- Chaffetz, Jason
- Clinton, Hillary
- Coburn, Tom
- Cornyn, John
- DeMint, Jim
- Durbin, Richard J.
- Ellison, Keith
- Ellmers, Renee
- Fleming, John
- Forbes, J. Randy
- Franken, Al
- Gillibrand, Kirsten
- Grassley, Chuck
- Gutiérrez, Luis V.
- Hagan, Kay
- Hatch, Orrin
- Hoyer, Steny
- Inouye, Dan
- Issa, Darrell
- Lieberman, Joe
- McCarthy, Kevin
- McCaskill, Claire
- McConnell, Mitch
- McCotter, Thaddeus
- Menendez, Robert
- Pelosi, Nancy
- Pence, Mike
- Polis, Jared
- Portman, Rob
- Price, Tom
- Ryan, Paul
- Sanders, Bernie
- Schumer, Charles
- Thune, John
- Udall, Mark
- Vitter, David
- Warner, Mark
- West, Allen
- Measuring Social Media's Political Impact
- Amplification
- Clickable Calls to Action
- Click-Through Rate
- CNN Effect
- Dragonfly Effect, The
- Fiscal Cliff Crisis
- Geo-Locational Enabling
- Googlearchy and Politics
- Inferring Sentiment
- Influence on Elections
- Innocence of Muslims, The
- Klout Score
- Long-Tail Nano-Targeting
- Meme Mapping
- Microtargeting
- MoveOn Effect, The
- Myth of Digital Democracy
- Network Influentials
- Pew Internet and American Life Project
- Polarization, Political
- Polling
- Predictive Analytics
- Proxy Measurements
- Psychographics
- Return on Investment
- Search Engine Bias/“Google Bias”
- Search Engine Optimization
- Sentiment Analysis
- Snowball Effect
- Social Authority
- Social Media Optimization
- Social Media Political Gaming
- Trending Topic
- Voter Demographics
- Voter Turnout
- Misuse of Social Media in the Political Arena: Issues and Ethics
- Al Gore's Penguin Army
- Astroturfing
- Cyber-Vigilantism
- Decoy Campaign Web Sites
- Ethics of Social Media in Politics
- Flaming
- Hacktivism
- Hate Speech, Online and Social Media
- Online Smear Campaigns
- Phishing, Political
- Pornography, Revenge
- Push Polling
- Rumors
- Social Media Career Wreckers
- Sockpuppets
- Truthy Research Project
- Vote Different
- Wikipedia Misuse
- Social Media, Candidates, and Campaigns
- 140ELECT.com
- Blog for America
- Brave New Films
- Campaign Strategy
- Campaigns, 2012
- Campaigns, Congressional (2000)
- Campaigns, Congressional (2002)
- Campaigns, Congressional (2004)
- Campaigns, Congressional (2006)
- Campaigns, Congressional (2008)
- Campaigns, Congressional (2010)
- Campaigns, Digital
- Campaigns, E-Mail
- Campaigns, Grassroots
- Campaigns, Organizing
- Campaigns, Presidential (2000)
- Campaigns, Presidential (2004)
- Campaigns, Presidential (2008)
- Campaigns, Virtual
- Candidate Image
- Candidates, Political Branding of
- Coattail Effect
- ContractfromAmerica.org
- Debate
- DemocracyforAmerica.com
- Election Monitoring
- FightTheSmears.com
- Forecasting Elections
- Fundly
- Fund-Raising
- Long-Tail Nano-Targeting
- Negative Campaigning
- Obama for America iPhone Application
- Palin Phenomenon
- Political Base
- Political Information Opportunity Structures
- Political Parties
- Social Media Strategies and Tactics
- Sponsored Listings
- Truth Team
- VoteBuilder.com
- Voter Identification
- VoterVault.com
- We the People
- YouTube Politics Channel
- Social Media, Politics, and Culture
- 100Reporters Whistleblower Alley
- 38Degrees.org.uk
- Addiction, Social Media
- Advocacy Groups, Political Branding of
- Alpha Blogger
- Blogs, Role in Politics
- Born This Way Foundation
- Canada
- Catholic Church and Social Media
- Cato Institute
- Center for Democracy and Technology
- Colbert Report, The
- Daily Show, The
- Data.gov
- Democracy Now!
- Diaspora/Migration
- Digerati
- Digital Citizen
- Digital Government
- DipNote
- Domestic Surveillance and Social Media
- Drudge Report
- E-Democracy
- Electronic Voting
- Europe
- Evolution of Social Media
- FactCheck.org
- Faith-Based Social Change
- Focus Groups
- FreeRepublic.com
- Gender
- Glee
- Global Voices
- Hard Place Theater
- Huffington Post
- Human Rights
- I Am Gonna Be Your Friend Campaign
- i-Docs.org
- Immigration
- Information Abundance
- International Examples of Political Parties and Social Media
- International Online Communities
- International Social Media and Politics
- Islam and Social Media
- Judaism and Social Media
- Latin America
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights
- Middle East
- MIT Media Lab
- Mobile Connectivity, Trends in Politics and
- Monarchies, Social Media, and Politics
- Networks, Political
- News Media
- Nonprofit Organizations
- Onion, The
- Open Society Foundations
- Open.Dems
- OpenLeaks
- Participatory Politics Foundation
- Personal Democracy Media
- Petraeus, David
- Political Economy
- Politico
- PolitiFact.com
- Professional Bloggers
- Race/Ethnicity and Social Media
- Radical Decentralization
- Saturday Night Live
- Secondhand Political Engagement
- Social Capital
- Social Media Week
- Sunlight Foundation
- Television and Social Media
- Truthout
- Twindex
- Twitter Archiving Project, Library of Congress
- Twitter Diplomacy
- Ubicomp
- United Nations Global Pulse Initiative and Big Data
- USAID Impact Blog
- Voter Privacy
- Voting, Global Electronic
- Water.org
- Weiner, Anthony
- West Wing Week
- Youth Engagement
- Social Media and Networking Web Sites
- AARP
- Avaaz
- Bambuser.com
- BlackPlanet.com
- Cloud Tiger Media
- DailyCaller.com
- Delicious.com
- Digg
- EdgeRank
- Flickr
- Foursquare
- Friendster
- Google+
- HeadCount.org
- HootSuite.com
- Infographic
- Mashable
- Meetup.com
- Moblog.net
- MOMocrats
- MomsRising.org
- Myspace
- OpenCongress.org
- OpenGovernment.org
- RightOnline.com
- Second Life
- Snopes.com
- Social Networking Web Sites
- StumbleUpon
- Survey Monkey
- Townhall.com
- Trendrr
- Tumblr
- TwitVid.com
- Wikis and Collaborative Project Web Sites
- YouTube
- Social Media and Political Unrest
- 18DaysinEgypt.com
- Arab Spring
- Asia
- Bahrain
- China
- Civil Rights
- Cyber-Jihad
- Cynicism, Political
- Demonstrations, Organizing
- Developing Nations
- Egypt
- Estrada, Joseph
- Fax Machines and Tiananmen Square Crisis
- Flash Mobs as a Political Tactic
- GetUp.org.au
- Great Firewall of China
- Human Rights
- Idlenomore.ca
- India
- Indonesia
- International Unrest and Revolution
- Internet Gathering
- Iran
- Islam and Social Media
- Israeli–Palestinian Conflict
- Libya
- Mamfakinch
- Mosireen.org
- Near-Me Tabs and Political Protests
- Occupy Movement
- OhmyNews
- OpenTunisia.org
- Piccadilly Riots, London
- Quebec, Canada, 2012 Student Protests
- Russia
- Seattle 1999 WTO Protests
- Speak2Tweet
- Syria
- Tea Party Movement
- Terrorism
- Third Palestinian Intifada
- TuniLeaks.org
- Tunisia
- United States
- Voter Apathy
- Wikileaks/Arab Spring
- WikiScanner and Political Spin Doctoring
- YouTube War
- Social Media and Social Issues, Activism, and Movements
- Activists and Activism, Digital
- Africa, North
- Africa, Sub-Saharan
- American Debt Crisis and Twitter
- Anonymous
- Antibullying Campaigns
- Antislavery Campaign and Social Media
- Antiwar Protesting
- Blood Sport Campaigns
- Bottom-Up Campaigns
- Catholic Church and Social Media
- Cause-Marketing Campaigns
- Christian Right
- Citizen Journalism
- Clicktivism
- CODEPINK
- ColorofChange.org
- Committee to Protect Journalists
- Conflict Resolution, Social Media and
- Corporate Social Responsibility
- Crowdfunding
- Digital Diplomacy
- Digital Due Process Coalition
- Digital Media Law Project
- Disaster Relief
- Documentaries, Social Media, and Social Change
- Economic and Social Justice
- Education, Issues in
- Electronic Frontier Foundation
- Environmental Issues
- Faith-Based Social Change
- Feb 17 voices
- Flash Mobs as a Political Tactic
- Foreign Policy
- Gender
- Get Out the Vote Drives
- Global Center for Journalism and Democracy
- Global Warming and Climate Change
- Gun Control
- Health Care
- Homophily
- HopeLab
- I Am Second Movement
- Immersive Journalism
- Immigration
- Indexoncensorship.org
- Interactive Advertising Bureau
- International Intervention
- Internet Society, The
- Islam, Nation of
- Judaism and Social Media
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights
- Liberation Technology
- London School of Economics Public Policy Group
- Media Research Center
- Medicare
- Membership Communications Project
- Microfinance Initiatives
- Military–Industrial Complex
- MIT Center for Civic Media
- MoveOn.org
- Nation of Islam Movement
- National Center for Digital Government
- National Freedom of Information Coalition
- National Press Club
- ONE Campaign
- Open Source Politics
- Poverty
- Pro-Choice and Pro-Life
- Project Vote Smart
- Public Affairs Council
- Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
- Reporters Without Borders
- Robin Hood Foundation
- Rock the Vote
- Schools4All
- Shot@Life Campaign
- Social Issues Advocacy, Netroots Driven
- Social Issues and Augmented Reality
- Social Media Research Foundation
- Social Security
- Spanish 15M Movement
- Special Interest Campaigns
- Spending and Debt, Government
- Stanford Center for Internet and Society
- Take the Pledge
- Taxes
- Twestival
- Unemployment
- Web Mapping and Online Politics
- WikiLeaks
- World Can't Wait
- World Internet Project
- World Press Freedom Index
- World Without Oil
- Social Media Concepts and Theories
- Al Jazeera Effect
- Algorithmic Authority
- Attention Crash
- Audience Fragmentation/Segmentation
- Avatars
- Backchannel
- Blog Storm
- Blogosphere
- Bounce Back
- Bounce Back Effect
- Buzz Creation
- Cognitive Surplus
- Communication
- Constituencies, Social Media Influence on
- Cultivation
- Cyberculture
- Cyclical Message Strategy
- Demand Progress
- Downstream Liability, Political Implications of
- Earned Media
- Echo Chamber Phenomenon
- Findability
- Folksonomy
- Framing Theory, Social Media and
- Friend-to-Friend Strategies
- Gate Keeping Theory and Social Media
- Going Viral
- Honeycomb Framework
- Identity Politics
- Legacy Media/Old Media
- Luddite
- Microblogging
- Microtargeting
- Minimal Effects Theory
- Morozov Principle
- Multiple Leveraging
- Myth of Digital Democracy
- Opinion Leader Theory
- Opposition Videographer
- Outparty Innovation Incentives
- Persuasion Niche and Political Messaging
- Pornography, Revenge
- Primacy Effect
- Real-Time Communication Nodes
- Recency Effect
- Remix, Political
- Return on Investment
- Rich Media Ad
- Search Engine Data (Use in Social Media Campaigning)
- Selective Exposure
- Sexting
- Shirky Principle, The
- Sleeper Effect
- Social Listening
- Social Media Noise
- Social Media, Adoption of
- Social Media, Alternatives to Commercial
- Social Media, Definition and Classes of
- Social Network Analysis
- Spiral of Silence
- Streisand Effect
- Strong-Tie Social Connections Versus Weak-Tie Social Connections
- Superconnected
- Technological Determinism
- Technological Relativism
- Technology Diffusion Paradigm
- Topology of Social Networks
- Tweet Insurance
- Value
- Viral Marketing
- Viral Seed/Viral Lift
- Virtual Private Networks
- Social Media Regulation, Public Policy, and Actual Practice
- Adbusters Media Foundation
- Advertising and Marketing
- Advocacy Groups, Political Branding of
- Age
- Aggregation
- American Enterprise Institute
- Amplification
- Annette Strauss Institute for Civic Life
- Annette Strauss Institute for Civic Life
- Anonoblog
- Apple v. Does
- Association of Internet Researchers
- Berkman Center
- Big Data
- Blog Syndication
- Blogger Rights and Responsibilities
- Blogs
- Bookmarking
- CAN-SPAM Act 2003
- Carnivore
- Center for Communication and Civic Engagement
- Center for Information Technology and Society
- Center for Innovative Media
- Center for International Media Assistance
- Center for Internet Studies
- Center for Responsive Politics
- Center for Social Media
- Center on Public Diplomacy
- Change.gov
- Change.org
- Chartered Institute of Public Relations Social Media Guidelines
- Chat Rooms
- Cloud Computing
- Cloud Protesting
- Content Communities
- Crowdsourcing
- Daniel Pearl Freedom of the Press Act
- Data Mining
- Deep Packet Inspection
- Department of Homeland Security Social Media Monitoring Initiative
- Digital Cultures Research Center
- Digital Revolution
- Dooced
- ECHELON
- Electronic Privacy Information Center
- Embedding
- Engagement Advertising
- Engagement Features
- Estrada, Joseph
- E-Voter Institute
- Facial Recognition Technology
- Fan Page
- Federal Privacy Act
- Federal Shield Law, Bloggers and
- FinFisher
- Firewalling
- Flog
- Freedom of the Press and National Security
- Functionality
- Geotagging
- Ghost Blogging
- Google AdWords/AdSense in Campaign Strategy
- Hashtag
- Information Aggregation
- Informationalized Nations Versus Industrialized Nations
- Innovation and Technology
- Instant Messengers, IRC and ICQ
- Institute for Public Diplomacy and Global Communication
- Institutional Cabling
- Interactive Documentary
- Internet Forums
- James K. Batten Award
- John Aubuchon Press Freedom Award
- Keystroke Logging
- Lobbyists
- Media and Communication Policy
- Meme Mapping
- Mobile Apps
- Mobile Media User Data Collection and Privacy Protection
- Mobile/Smartphone Messaging
- Moblogging
- Nongovernmental Organizations
- Office of Government Information Services
- Open Data
- Open Source Governance
- Oxford Internet Institute
- Peer to Peer
- Pentagon Digital Engagement Team
- Personalization
- Picasa
- Platform
- Podcasts
- Predictive Analytics
- Presidential Policy Directive 20
- Press Freedom and Online/Social Media Security
- Pretty Good Privacy
- Privacy
- Public Intellectual
- Redalert.com
- RSS Feeds
- Search and Scrape Capability
- Search and Seizure Law and Policy
- Siri
- Skype
- Social Bookmarking
- Social Computing and Social Information Processing
- Social Good Summit
- Social Media and Freedom of Information Act
- Social Media Research Foundation
- Social Media Sharing, P2P, Bit Torrent
- Social Worlds
- Splogs
- Streaming Media
- Tor
- Traffic Analysis
- Transparency
- U.S. Pentagon Social Media in Strategic Communications Program
- User-Generated Content
- Video Privacy Protection Act
- Virtual Environment Technology, Immersive
- Vlogging
- Web 2.0
- Web Metrics
- WhoIs
- World Wide Web, History of the
177473- Loading...
Get a 30 day FREE TRIAL
-
Watch videos from a variety of sources bringing classroom topics to life -
Read modern, diverse business cases
-
Explore hundreds of books and reference titles
Add to list closeHave you created a personal profile? Login or create a profile so that you can save clips, playlists and searches
Read next
More like this
SAGE Recommends
We found other relevant content for you on other SAGE platforms.
link backcloseWant to try SAGE Knowledge first?Sign up for a free trial and experience all SAGE Knowledge has to offer.
start free 30 day trialYou must have a valid academic email address to sign up.
closeWith institutional access I can:Want to try SAGE Knowledge first?- View or download all content my institution has access to
Sign up for a free trial and experience all SAGE Knowledge has to offer.
start free 30 day trialYou must have a valid academic email address to sign up.