- Entry
- Reader's guide
- Entries A-Z
- Subject index
Reinforcement Theory
Reinforcement theory was proposed in 1960 by Joseph T. Klapper to challenge the dominant media effects theory. Reinforcement theory argued that media do not have a dominant effect on readers', viewers', or listeners’ attitudes, beliefs, and motives. The effect is limited ...
- Crisis Communication and Management
- Cyberspace
- Ethics
- Global Public Relations
- Nation Building
- Africa, Practice of Public Relations in
- Australia and New Zealand, Practice of Public Relations in
- Brazil, Practice of Public Relations in
- Canada, Practice of Public Relations in
- China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, Practice of Public Relations in
- Eastern Europe, Practice of Public Relations in
- Europe, Practice of Public Relations in
- European Association of Communication Directors
- Germany, Practice of Public Relations in
- Giving, Donations, and Globalism
- Global Alliance for Public Relations and Communication Management
- Globalization and Public Relations
- Globalize
- India, Practice of Public Relations in
- Institute for Public Relations
- International Public Relations Association
- Israel, Practice of Public Relations in
- Korea, Practice of Public Relations in
- Latin America, Practice of Public Relations in
- Nation Branding
- South Africa, Practice of Public Relations in
- Spain, Practice of Public Relations in
- Sustainability as a Global Challenge
- Sweden, Practice of Public Relations in
- United Kingdom, Practice of Public Relations in
- Groups
- History
- Cutlip, Scott M.
- Evolution of Publicity Agencies
- Fleischman, Doris Elsa
- Four-Minute Men
- Hammond, George
- Harlow, Rex
- Hill, John Wiley
- Histories of Public Relations
- Industrial Barons (of the 1870s-1920s)
- Lucky Strike Green Campaign
- Muckrakers (and the Age of Progressivism)
- Nineteenth-Century Trends in Public Relations
- Page, Arthur W.
- Plank, Betsy
- Propaganda
- Public Relations Education, History of
- Railroad Industry in the 19th Century
- Regulated Monopolies
- Tallents, Sir Stephen
- Twentieth-Century Trends and Innovations in Public Relations
- Vail, Theodore Newton
- Jargon
- Entertainment Industry Publicity/Promotion
- Risk Communication
- Account Executive
- Account Manager/Account Management
- Accreditation
- Actuality
- Advance
- Annual Reports
- AP Style
- APR
- Association for Women in Communication
- Backgrounder
- Beat
- Benchmarking
- Best Practices
- Bill Stuffer
- Bio
- Boxed Print
- Bridge
- Brochure
- Byline
- Campaign
- Caption/Cutline
- Chat
- Circulation
- Client
- Collateral
- Commodifying Information
- Community Reports
- Composing/Composition
- Co-Optation
- Copy
- Copyright
- Corporate Branding
- Counseling
- Credits
- Culture
- Deadline
- De-Positioning
- Differentiation
- Direct Mail/Direct Email
- Doublespeak
- Editing
- Editorial
- Employee Communication
- Endorsement
- Environmental Scanning
- Event Management
- External Publications
- Fact Sheet
- FAQs
- Feature
- Flack
- Flame
- Flier
- Font
- Frame
- Freelance Writers
- Functions of Public Relations
- Fundraising
- Ghostwriting
- Goals
- Goodwill
- Government Public Relations
- Government Relations
- Graphics
- Hearing
- Hold and Hold for Release
- Home Page
- Hotline
- Human Interest
- Hype
- Identification
- Image
- Impressions
- Infomercial
- Internal Communication
- Internship
- Interview as a Communication Tool
- Investor Relations
- Issues Management
- Layout
- Legitimacy and Legitimacy Gap
- Lobbying
- Localize
- Logo
- Material Information
- Media Calls
- Media Conferences
- Media Effects
- Media Relations
- Media Release
- Mentoring
- Military Public Relations
- Mission and Vision Statements
- Multimedia
- Mutually Beneficial Relationship
- New Business Development
- News Services
- News Story
- News/Newsworthy
- Newsletter
- Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
- Nonprofit Organizations
- Objectives
- Op-Ed
- Openness
- Opportunity and Threat
- Organizational Identity and Persona
- Pamphlet
- Parent/Student Newsletter
- Perjury
- Philanthropy
- Photo-Op
- Photosharing
- Pitch Letter
- Political Public Relations
- Political Speech
- Portfolio
- Position and Positioning
- Practice
- Presidential Press Secretaries
- Press Agentry
- Press Kit
- Privatizing Public Opinion (and “Publictizing” Private Opinion)
- Proactivity and Reactivity
- Program/Action Plans
- Promotion
- Propaganda
- Public Affairs
- Public Interest
- Public Opinion and Opinion Leaders
- Public Policy Planning
- Public Relations Agency
- Public Sector
- Public Service Announcements
- Publicist
- Publicity
- Publics
- Puffery
- Pyramid Style
- Religious Organizations and Public Relations
- Reputation Management
- Return on Investment
- Sampling
- Sandbagging
- Scales
- Search Engine
- Segmentation of Publics
- Social Media Press Release
- Society
- Sound Bite
- Speakers Bureaus
- Speechwriting
- Spin
- Sports Public Relations
- Stewardship of Large Organizations
- Straight News
- Strain
- Strategies
- Stylebook
- Survey
- Symmetry
- Tactics
- Tagline
- Target
- Terrorism and Public Relations
- Third-Party Endorsement
- Trade Associations
- Transparency
- Wire Service
- Writing
- Zones of Meaning
- Law
- Management
- Catalytic Model of Issues Management
- Chase Model of Issue Management
- Communication Management
- Discrimination in Public Relations
- Employee Communication
- Executive Management
- Goals
- Government Public Relations
- Government Relations
- Internal Communication
- Investor Relations
- Issue Management Council
- Issues Management
- Management Theory
- Market Share
- Matrixing/Matrix Management
- Military Public Relations
- Mutually Beneficial Relationship
- New Business Development
- Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
- Nonprofit Organizations
- Objectives
- Organizational Identity and Persona
- PERT Chart
- Political Public Relations
- Presidential Press Secretaries
- Professional and Professionalism
- Professional Project of Public Relations
- Professionalism in Public Relations
- Program/Action Plans
- Public Policy Planning
- Public Relations Agency
- Public Relations Department
- Publicly Held Companies
- Reflective Management
- Relationship Management Theory
- Religious Organizations and Public Relations
- Reputation
- Reputation Management
- Return on Investment
- Speakers Bureaus
- Sports Public Relations
- Stewardship of Large Organizations
- Strategic Business Planning
- Terrorism and Public Relations
- Transparency
- Zones of Meaning
- Marketing Communication and Advertising
- Media
- New Media
- Aggregator News Search
- App
- Astroturfing
- Authenticity on Social Media
- Black/Dark Websites
- Blogs, Vlogs, and Microblogs
- Chat
- Citizen Journalism/Reporting
- Content Aggregation
- Crowdsourcing
- Discursive Technology
- Flogging
- Forum, Online
- Gaming/Playspace/Social Gaming
- Infographics
- Information Retrieval System
- Interactivity (Audience)
- Knowledge Networks
- Media Fragmentation
- Memes
- Mobile Technology and Public Relations
- Photosharing
- Podcasts/Audio Sharing
- Really Simple Syndication
- Search Engine Optimization
- Short Message Service
- Social Media
- Social Network Analysis
- Social Networking
- Social Networks/Niche Networks
- Sockpuppet
- Trolling
- Video News Release
- Virtual World Sites
- Web 2.0
- Web Traffic
- Wiki
- News
- Organizations
- Activism
- Association for Women in Communication
- Business Wire
- Clip (News Clip) and Clipping Services
- Committee on Public Information
- Eastern Europe, Practice of Public Relations in
- EDGAR Online
- Editor and Publisher
- European Public Relations Education and Research Society
- Evolution of Publicity Agencies
- Front Groups
- Institute for Public Relations
- International Association of Business Communicators
- International Public Relations Association
- Issue Management Council
- National Black Public Relations Society
- National Investor Relations Institute
- News Services
- Public Relations Society of America
- Public Relations Student Society of America
- Securities and Exchange Commission
- Practitioners
- Relations
- Africa, Practice of Public Relations in
- Alumni Relations
- Annual Reports
- Australia and New Zealand, Practice of Public Relations in
- Canada, Practice of Public Relations in
- Client-Agency Relationships
- College and University Public Relations
- Community Relations
- Consumer/Customer Relations
- Europe, Practice of Public Relations in
- Follower/Member Newsletter
- Giving, Donations, and Globalism
- Global Alliance for Public Relations and Communication Management
- Globalization and Public Relations
- Globalize
- Institute for Public Relations
- International Public Relations Association
- Labor Union Public Relations
- Latin America, Public Relations Practice in
- Managing the Corporate Public Relations Department
- Minorities in Public Relations
- Nation Branding
- Nation Building
- National Black Public Relations Society
- Online Public Relations
- Postcolonialism Theory and Public Relations
- Public Relations
- Public Relations Society of America
- Public Relations Student Society of America
- South Africa, Practice of Public Relations in
- Spain, Practice of Public Relations in
- Sustainability as a Global Challenge
- Sweden, Practice of Public Relations in
- Travel and Tourism Public Relations
- United Kingdom, Practice of Public Relations in
- United States Government and Public Relations
- Voter and Constituent Relations
- Warfare and Public Relations
- Research and Analysis
- Analytics
- Audience Monitoring
- Benchmarking
- Case Study
- Clip (News Clip) and Clipping Services
- Communication Audit and Auditing
- Content Analysis
- Demographics
- Evaluative Research
- Experiment/Experimental Methods
- Focus Group
- Formative Research
- Gantt Chart
- Gross Impressions
- Interview as a Research Tool
- Mean and Median
- Measuring/Measures
- Process Research
- Psychographics
- Public Relations Field Dynamics
- Public Relations Research
- Qualitative Research
- Quantitative Research
- Reliability
- Research Goals
- Research Objectives
- Situation Analysis
- Statistical Analysis
- Validity
- Risk Communication and Management
- Efficacy/Self-Efficacy
- Catalytic Model of Issues Management
- CAUSE Model of Risk Communication
- Citizens Advisory Committees/Panels
- Coalition Building
- Collaborative Decision Making
- Cultural Theory of Risk Communication
- Emergency Management
- Extended Parallel Process Model of Risk Communication
- Infrastructural Risk Communication
- Mental Models Approach to Risk Communication
- Precautionary Principle
- Public Health Campaign
- Resilient Communities
- Right to Know
- Risk Perception
- Risk Society
- Social Amplification of Risk
- Theories and Models
- Persuasion Theory
- Accommodation: Contingency Theory
- Advocacy
- Agenda-Setting Theory
- Anthropology and Public Relations
- Apologia Theory
- Archetypes and Rhetorical Theory
- Attribution Theory
- Barcelona Principles
- Bourdieu, Pierre, and Public Relations
- Chaos and Complexity Theory
- Circuit of Culture
- Civil Society
- Client-Agency Relationships
- Co-Creation of Meaning Theory
- Communitarianism
- Communitas/Corporatas
- Community and Community Building
- Conflict Resolution
- Constitutive Theory of Language
- Consumer/Customer Relations
- Contingency Theory
- Control
- Convergence and Public Relations
- Co-Orientation Theory
- Credibility
- Critical Discourse Analysis
- Critical Race Theory
- Critical Theory
- Cultural Flows and Public Relations
- Cultural Intelligence
- Cultural Topoi
- Culture
- Decision Theory
- Deliberative Democracy
- Dialogue
- Diffusion of Innovations Theory
- Discourse Theory and Analysis
- Diversity: Audiences
- Diversity: Public Relations Profession
- Dramatism and Dramatism Theory
- Ecology and Public Relations
- Empire, Public Relations and
- Encroachment in Public Relations
- Engagement (Stakeholders)
- Enlightenment and Modernity
- Ethnography of Public Relations
- European Communication Monitor
- European Social Theory and Public Relations
- Excellence Theory
- External Organizational Rhetoric
- Feminization Theory
- Field Theory
- Foucault, Michel, and Public Relations
- Framing Theory
- Fully Functioning Society Theory
- Futurism and Trend Analysis
- Game Theory
- Gender and Public Relations
- Geodemographics
- Habermas, Jürgen, on Public Relations
- Identity Theory
- Ideographs and Rhetorical Theory
- Impression Management Theory
- Information
- Information Integration Theory
- Intercultural Communication Theory
- Internet Contagion Theory
- Interpersonal Communication Theory
- Involvement
- Leadership and Public Relations
- Learning Theory
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Practitioners/Publics and Public Relations
- Marketplace of Ideas
- Media Culture and Public Relations
- Modernity and Late Modernity
- Motivation Theory
- Narrative Theory
- Neo-Institutional Theory
- Network Theory
- Paradox of the Positive/Negative
- Perspectivism Theory
- Political Economy and Public Relations
- Postcolonialism Theory and Public Relations
- Postmodern Public Relations
- Power Resource Management Theory
- Power, as Functions and Structures
- Power, as Social Construction
- Power, Discursive
- Power, Symbolic
- Power/Knowledge and Public Relations
- Psychological Processing
- Public Diplomacy
- Public Sphere (Öffentlichkeit)
- Public Sphere Discourse
- Race and Public Relations
- Reflective Management
- Reinforcement Theory
- Relationship Management Theory
- Resource Dependency Theory
- Rhetorical Arena (Crisis Theory)
- Rules Theory
- Situational Theory of Problem Solving
- Situational Theory of Publics
- Social Capital
- Social Construction of Reality Theory
- Social Exchange Theory
- Social Learning Theory
- Socialization Theory
- Socioculture and Public Relations
- Spiral of Silence Theory
- Stakeholder Theory
- Stakes
- Strategic Silence
- Subjective Expected Utilities Theory
- Symbolic Interactionism Theory
- Systems Theory
- The Subaltern and Public Relations
- Theory of Reasoned Action
- Theory-Based Practice
- Third Culture Public Relations Practitioner
- Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change
- Two-Step Flow Theory
- Uncertainty
- Uncertainty Reduction Theory
- Uses and Gratifications Theory
- Appendices
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