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Context of Discovery versus Context of Justification
The basic assumption behind the discovery/justification (D-J) or “two-context” distinction, as employed by Hans Reichenbach and the Logical Empiricists—but also by Karl Popper—is that there exists a general logic of justification in science but no logic of discovery. This entry explains ...
- Philosophy, General
- A Priori and A Posteriori
- Action, Philosophical Theory of
- Agency
- Alienation: From Philosophy to Sociology
- Analytic/Synthetic Distinction
- Artificial Intelligence
- Behaviorism, Philosophical Conception of
- Being-in-the-World
- Causation, Philosophical Views of
- Cognitive Phenomenology
- Complexity
- Concepts
- Consciousness
- Death and Immortality, Philosophical Perspectives
- Determinism
- Distributed Cognition and Extended-Mind Theory
- Embodied Cognition
- Emergence
- Emotions
- Empathy
- Empiricism
- Encyclopedia
- Enlightenment, Critique of
- Epistemology
- Essentialism
- Ethno-Epistemology
- Events
- Existential Phenomenology and the Social Sciences
- Experimental Philosophy
- Explanation, Theories of
- Feminism: Schools of Thought
- Feminist Epistemology
- Folk Psychology
- Formal Epistemology
- Free Will, Philosophical Conceptions of
- Given, Myth of the
- Hegelianism and Contemporary Epistemology
- Hermeneutics, Phenomenology, and Meaning
- Holism, in the Philosophy of Language
- Idealism
- Identity, Personal (Philosophy of)
- Inferentialism
- Institutions as Moral Persons
- Intentionality
- Intersubjectivity
- Introspection (Philosophical Psychology)
- Kinds: Natural Kinds Versus Human Kinds
- Knowing-How Versus Knowing-That
- Language, Philosophy of
- Language-Games and Forms of Life
- Laws of Nature
- Laws Versus Teleology
- Libertarianism, Metaphysical
- Life-World
- Logical Positivism/Logical Empiricism
- Love, Philosophy of
- Lying
- Mereology: Parts and Wholes
- Metaphysics and Science
- Mind–Body Relation
- Modernity
- Modularity of the Mind
- Moral Cognitivism
- Naturalized Epistemology
- Neo-Kantianism
- New Wittgensteinians
- Nihilism
- Nonconceptual Content
- Normativity
- Objectivity
- Philosophes, The
- Postmodernism
- Pragmatism
- Probability
- Relativisms and Their Ontologies
- Rule Following
- Self and Essential Indexicality
- Self-Knowledge
- Semantics and Pragmatics
- Simulation Theory
- Situated Cognition
- Social Anti-Individualism and the Mental
- Social Epistemology
- Space, Philosophical Theories of
- Speech Acts
- Supervenience
- Systems Theory
- Tacit Knowledge
- Teleosemantics
- Theory Theory
- Time, Philosophical Theories of
- Transcendental Arguments
- Transcendental Pragmatics
- Trust, Epistemic
- Truth, Philosophical Theories of
- Utopianism
- Verificationism
- Virtue Epistemology
- Philosophy of Social Science
- Methodenstreit
- Bayesianism, Recent Uses of
- Capabilities
- Causes Versus Reasons in Action Explanation
- Critical Rationalism
- Discourse Analysis
- Econometrics: Methodological Issues
- Economic Anthropology
- Ethnomethodology
- Explanation, Theories of
- Falsifiability
- Foucault's Thought
- Historicism
- Homo Economicus
- Institutionalism and Institutional Theory
- Institutions as Moral Persons
- Laws Versus Teleology
- Logical Positivism/Logical Empiricism
- Marxism and Social/Historical Explanation
- Mechanism and Mechanismic Explanation
- Nihilism
- Plural Subjects
- Positivism, History of
- Psychoanalysis, Philosophical Issues in
- Relativism and the Social Sciences: From the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis to Peter Winch
- Rule Following
- Science and Ideology
- Self and the Social Sciences
- Social Anthropology
- Social Choice Theory
- Social Constructivism
- Social Norms
- Philosophy of Science
- Naturwissenschaften Versus Geisteswissenschaften
- Abduction and Inference to the Best Explanation
- Bayesianism, Recent Uses of
- Causal Explanation, in Philosophy of Science
- Complexity
- Context of Discovery Versus Context of Justification
- Covering-Law Model
- Critical Rationalism
- Deduction
- Duhem-Quine Thesis and the Social Sciences
- Economics of Scientific Knowledge
- Econophysics
- Emergence
- Empiricism
- Experiment, Philosophy of
- Explanation, Theories of
- Falsifiability
- Feyerabend, Critique of Rationality in Science
- Hypothetico-Deductivism
- Induction and Confirmation
- Instrumentalism of Scientific Theories and Constructive Empiricism
- Kuhn and Social Science
- Kuhn on Scientific Revolutions and Incommensurability
- Lakatos, Methodology of Scientific Research Programs
- Laws of Nature
- Laws Versus Teleology
- Logical Positivism/Logical Empiricism
- Mechanism and Mechanistic Explanation
- Metaphysics and Science
- Models in Science
- Neurath's Unity of Science and the Encyclopedia Project
- Normativism Versus Realism
- Objectivity
- Observation and Theory-Ladenness
- Pessimistic Induction
- Popper's Philosophy of Science
- Positivism, History of
- Pseudoscience
- Reduction and the Unity of Science
- Relativism in Scientific Theories
- Retrodiction and the Epistemology of Future Studies
- Scientific Method
- Situational Logic
- Social Constructivism
- Technological Convergence
- Thought Experiments
- Value Neutrality in Science
- Verificationism
- Philosophy and Anthropology
- Cognitive Anthropology and Mental Architecture
- Cooperation, Cultural Evolution of
- Death in the Social Sciences
- Economic Anthropology
- Ethno-Epistemology
- Ethnography, Philosophical Aspects of
- Ethnomethodology
- Identity, Social
- Relativism and the Social Sciences: From the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis to Peter Winch
- Relativisms and Their Ontologies
- Social Anthropology
- Social Construction of Reality
- Social Institutions
- Social Norms
- Structuralism and Poststructuralism
- Social Ontology and Collective Intentionality
- Coalition Logic
- Collective Agents
- Collective Emotions
- Collective Goals
- Collective Identity and Cultural Trauma
- Collective Intentionality
- Collective Memory
- Collective Moral Responsibility
- Collective Rationality
- Collective Values
- Commitment
- Conventions, Logic of
- Cooperation/Coordination
- Goal-Directedness
- Grounded Cognition and Social Interaction
- Group Beliefs
- Group Identity
- Group Mind
- Intentionality
- Judgment Aggregation and the Discursive Dilemma
- Mutual Beliefs
- Plural Subjects
- Searle and the Construction of Social Reality
- Social Facts
- Social Institutions
- Social Interactions: Individual Decision and Group Formation
- Social Norms
- Social Objects Versus Technical Objects
- Social Ontology, Recent Theories of
- Social Perception
- Social Rules
- Sociology of Knowledge and Science
- Solidarity
- Strong Program in the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge
- Structural Functionalism, in Social Theory
- Structuralism and Poststructuralism
- Team Reasoning
- Technoscience and Society
- Theory of Teams
- Trust, Social
- Virtual Environments and Social Interaction
- We-Mode, Tuomela's Theory of
- Philosophy and Economics
- Methodenstreit
- Austrian Economics
- Bargaining Theory
- Capabilities
- Capitalism
- Chicago School (Economics)
- Cost–Benefit Analysis
- Critical Realism in Economics
- Econometrics: Methodological Issues
- Economic Sociology
- Emotions in Economic Behavior
- Equilibrium in Economics and Game Theory
- Heterodox Economics
- Homo Economicus
- Institutional Economics
- Markets and Economic Theory
- Marxist Economics
- Neuroeconomics
- Pareto Optimality
- Philosophy of Economics, History of
- Preference
- Reification
- Sen's Paretian Liberal
- Welfare Economics
- Philosophy and History
- Philosophy and Politics
- Agnotology, Ignorance, and Uncertainty
- Alienation: From Philosophy to Sociology
- Analytical Marxism
- Behavioralism in Political Science
- Capitalism
- Common Goods
- Communicative Action Theory
- Dialectic, in the Social Sciences
- Epistemic Approaches to Democracy
- Evolutionary Political Science
- Governmentality and Regime
- Ideology
- Institutionalism and Institutional Theory
- International Relations, Philosophical and Methodological Debates
- Introspection (Philosophical Psychology)
- Libertarianism, Political
- Marxism and Social/Historical Explanation
- Marxist Ethics
- Multiculturalism
- Neo-Marxism
- Neuroscience and Politics
- Oppression
- Philosophy of Politics, History of
- Political Psychology
- Public Goods
- Public Reason and Justification
- Rational Choice and Political Science
- Reflective Equilibrium
- Reification
- Self-Direction and Self-Ownership
- Social Contract Theories
- World-Systems Analysis
- Philosophy and Psychology
- Bayesianism, Recent Uses of
- Behaviorism in Psychological Explanation
- Developmental Psychology
- Ego
- Embodied Cognition
- Existential Psychology
- Gestalt Psychology
- Intention, Social Psychology of
- Personal Identity and Trauma
- Phenomenological Schools of Psychology
- Philosophical Psychology, History of
- Political Psychology
- Psychoanalysis, Philosophical Issues in
- Schizophrenia: Psychoanalytic, Phenomenological, and Contemporary Philosophical Approaches
- Self and the Social Sciences
- Therapy, Psychological and Philosophical Issues
- Unconscious
- Unconscious Social Behavior
- Philosophy and Sociology
- Actor-Network Theory
- Alienation: From Philosophy to Sociology
- Analytical Sociology and Social Mechanisms
- Communicative Action Theory
- Cultural Studies
- Death in the Social Sciences
- Disciplinarity
- Discourse Analysis
- Durkheim's Philosophy of Social Science
- Economic Sociology
- Ethnomethodology
- Foucault's Thought
- Genealogy
- Governmentality and Regime
- Group Identity
- Habitus
- Identity, Social
- Interdisciplinarity
- Life-World
- Love, in Social Theory
- Modernity
- Money
- Multiculturalism
- Neo-Marxism
- Path Dependence
- Performative Theory of Institutions
- Philosophy of Sociology, History of
- Prophecy, Self-Fulfilling/Self-Defeating
- Reflexivity
- Risk
- Scheler's Social Person
- Sexuality
- Simmel's Philosophy of Society
- Social Capital
- Social Construction of Reality
- Social Networks
- Social Studies of Science and Technology
- Space, Social Theories of
- Structural Functionalism, in Social Theory
- Structuralism and Poststructuralism
- Symbolic Interactionism
- Symbolism
- Time, Social Theories of
- Trust, Social
- Philosophy of Action
- Action, Philosophical Theory of
- Agency
- Bayesianism, Recent Uses of
- Causes Versus Reasons in Action Explanation
- Coalition Logic
- Collective Agents
- Decision Theory
- Deontic Logic and Agency
- Emotions
- Empathy
- Folk Psychology
- Free Will, Philosophical Conceptions of
- Group Mind
- Institutions as Moral Persons
- Intentionality
- Metacognition and Agency
- Mirror Neurons and Motor Cognition in Action Explanation
- Simulation Theory
- Cognitive Sciences, Neurosciences, and Social Explanation
- Affective Intelligence in the Social Sciences
- Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation in the Social Sciences
- Artificial Intelligence
- Classical Computationalism, Connectionism, and Computational Neuroscience
- Cognitive Anthropology and Mental Architecture
- Cognitive Archaeology
- Cognitive Phenomenology
- Cognitive Sciences
- Distributed Cognition and Extended-Mind Theory
- Embodied Cognition
- Evolutionary Psychology
- Goal-Directedness
- Grounded Cognition and Social Interaction
- Human–Machine Interaction
- Joint Attention and Social Cognition
- Machine Consciousness and Autonomous Agents
- Metacognition and Agency
- Mirror Neurons and Motor Cognition in Action Explanation
- Multi-Agent Modeling
- Neural Hermeneutics
- Neuroeconomics
- Neuroethics
- Neuroscience and Politics
- Situated Cognition
- Social Cognition
- Social Neuroscience
- Social Perception
- Biology and Social Science
- Biology and the Social Sciences
- Ethical Impact of Genetic Research
- Eugenics, Old and Neoliberal Theories of
- Evolutionary Psychology
- Human Cultural Niche Construction and the Social Sciences
- Neural Hermeneutics
- Neuroethics
- Primatology and Social Science Applications
- Sociobiology
- Transhumanism and Human Enhancement
- Evolution and Social Science
- Feminism and Social Science
- Logic and Social Science
- Allais Paradox
- Bargaining Theory
- Bayesianism, Recent Uses of
- Coalition Logic
- Conventions, Logic of
- Decision Theory
- Deontic Logic and Agency
- Dialogical Logic
- Formal Epistemology
- Game-Theoretic Modeling
- Judgment Aggregation and the Discursive Dilemma
- Modal Logic and Intentional Agency
- Probability
- Social Choice Theory
- Sociology of Science
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