Training conducted by the military forces of two or more nations is termed multinational training. The military branches that form the U.S. Department of Defense routinely participate in periodic training with the armed forces of other nations. This training promotes each nation’s collective, as well as individual, security interests against real and anticipated threats throughout the world. Each training event tests, analyzes, and evaluates each participating nation’s contingency planning, response effectiveness, logistical planning, and cooperative defense agreements pertaining to offensive and defensive operations. This entry provides an examination of multinational training and operations that military forces of the United States participated in during World War I (1917–1918), World War II (1941–1945), the Cold War (1945–1989), the post–Cold War period (1990–2001), Afghanistan (2001–present), and Operation Iraqi ...