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Psychoanalytically Oriented Theories of Child Development
Psychoanalysis remains the most comprehensive psychological theory yet devised. It offers an explanation of psychological processes (the “model of the mind”), a developmental scheme (the psychosexual stages), and a method of treatment for mental and emotional disorders originating in experiences during the various stages of human development from infancy to adulthood. Beginning with the origins of psychoanalysis in the pioneering work of Sigmund Freud, this entry discusses the paths that psychoanalytically oriented theories of child development have taken from Freud’s time to the present day.
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, viewed himself as a scientist and believed that his theories would eventually find confirmation in neurobiology. His Project for a Scientific Psychology (1895) was an attempt to ground the ...
- Aims of Education
- Bildung
- Adler, Mortimer, and the Paideia Program
- Aesthetic Education
- Aims, Concept of
- Arnold, Matthew
- Autonomy
- Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education
- Character Development
- Citizenship and Civic Education
- Cosmopolitanism
- Creative and Lateral Thinking: Edward de Bono
- Creativity
- Critical Thinking
- Cultural Literacy and Core Knowledge/Skills
- Dewey, John
- Goodman, Paul
- Happiness
- Lifelong Education
- Literacy and the New Literacy Studies
- Makiguchi, Tsunesaburo
- Mill, John Stuart
- Montaigne, Michel de
- Moral Education
- Multiculturalism
- Newman, John Henry (Cardinal)
- Noddings, Nel
- Paideia
- Patriotism
- Peace Education
- Peters, R. S.
- Phronesis (Practical Reason)
- Plato
- Rationality and Its Cultivation
- Religious Education and Spirituality
- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
- Scheffler, Israel
- Utopias
- Vocational Education
- Whitehead, Alfred N.
- Classic Premodern Philosophers, Theories, and Theorists
- Curriculum
- Accountability and Standards-Based Reform
- Adler, Mortimer, and the Paideia Program
- Apple, Michael
- Bruner, Jerome
- Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education
- Common Curriculum
- Creative and Lateral Thinking: Edward de Bono
- Critical Thinking
- Curriculum, Construction and Evaluation of
- Dalton Plan
- Dewey, John
- Disciplinarity
- Erasmus
- Experiential Learning
- Hidden Curriculum
- Homeschooling
- Knowledge, Structure of: From Aristotle to Bruner and Hirst
- Laboratory School, University of Chicago
- Lifelong Education
- Literacy and the New Literacy Studies
- Little Commonwealth: Homer Lane
- Montessori Education
- Neill, A. S., and Summerhill
- Plato
- Schwab, Joseph: The Practical
- Service-Learning
- Spencer, Herbert
- Technology and Education
- Values Clarification
- Values Education
- Waldorf Education: Rudolf Steiner
- Educational Research, Evaluation, and Testing
- Abilities, Measurement of
- Aptitude–Treatment Interactions: Evolution of Research
- Behavioral Objectives and Operational Definitions
- Behaviorism
- Bell Curve
- Case Studies
- Causation
- Coleman Report
- Connoisseurship and Educational Criticism
- Curriculum, Construction and Evaluation of
- Design Experiments
- Educational Research, Critiques of
- Educational Science
- Essentialism, Perennialism, and the “Isms” Approach
- Evaluation of Educational and Social Programs: Models
- Evidence-Based Policy and Practice
- Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research: Campbell and Stanley
- Hermeneutics
- High-Stakes Testing
- International Student Assessment (PISA)
- Kuhn, Thomas S.
- Lakatos, Imre
- Narrative Research
- Philosophical Issues in Educational Research: An Overview
- Popper, Karl
- Positivism
- Postpositivism
- Probability and Significance Testing
- Pure and Applied Research and Pasteur’s Quadrant
- Qualitative Versus Quantitative Methods and Beyond
- Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
- Theories of Action
- Validity, Types of
- Value-Free Ideal for Research: Controversies
- Equity, Rights, Social Stratification, and Citizenship
- Accountability and Standards-Based Reform
- Achievement Gap
- Addams, Jane
- Affirmative Action
- Assimilation
- Children’s Rights
- Citizenship and Civic Education
- Communitarianism
- Critical Theory
- Democratic Theory of Education
- Diversity
- Dropouts
- Equality of Educational Opportunity
- Feminist Ethics
- Freire, Paulo: Pedagogy of the Oppressed and Critical Pedagogy
- Martin, Jane Roland
- Mill, John Stuart
- Multiculturalism
- Plato
- Rawls, John
- Right to an Education
- Rights: Children, Parents, and Community
- Higher Education
- Learners, Learning, and Teaching
- Achievement Gap
- Achievement Motivation
- Advance Organizers
- Bacon, Francis
- Behavioral Objectives and Operational Definitions
- Behaviorism
- Bilingual Education
- Cognitive Load Theory and Learning
- Cognitive Revolution and Information Processing Perspectives
- Coleman Report
- Communities of Learners
- Conceptual Change
- Critical Thinking
- Cultural Literacy and Core Knowledge/Skills
- Dewey, John
- Dialogue
- Discovery Learning: Pros and Cons
- Epistemologies, Teacher and Student
- Ethics in Research
- Ethics in Teaching
- Froebel, Friedrich
- Indoctrination
- Intelligent Tutoring Systems
- James, William
- Learning, Theories of
- Literacy and the New Literacy Studies
- Makiguchi, Tsunesaburo
- Montaigne, Michel de
- Montessori Education
- Motivation
- Multiple Intelligences: Howard Gardner
- Neill, A. S., and Summerhill
- Neurosciences and Learning
- Pedagogical Content Knowledge: Lee Shulman
- Pestalozzi, Johann H.
- Phenomenological Pedagogy
- Phenomenology
- Piaget, Jean
- Positive Psychology and Education
- Problem-Based Learning
- Radical Constructivism: Ernst von Glasersfeld
- Reflective Practice: Donald Schön
- Self-Regulated Learning
- Service-Learning
- Socrates and Socratic Dialogue
- Stereotype Effects and Attributions: Inside and Out
- Teaching Machines: From Thorndike, Pressey, and Skinner to CAI
- Teaching, Concept and Models of
- Technology and Education
- Transfer of Learning
- Vygotsky, Lev
- Liberal Education
- Moral, Religious, Spiritual, and Social/Cultural Values
- Apple, Michael
- Aquinas and Thomism
- Aristotle
- Augustine
- Autonomy
- Buber, Martin
- Capability Approach: Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen
- Cavell, Stanley
- Character Development
- Gandhi, Mahatma
- Indian Religious and Philosophical Traditions and Education
- Jewish Educational Philosophy
- Makiguchi, Tsunesaburo
- Maritain, Jacques
- Moral Development: Lawrence Kohlberg and Carol Gilligan
- Moral Education
- Murdoch, Iris
- Muslim Educational Traditions
- Noddings, Nel
- Religious Education and Spirituality
- Religious Symbols and Clothing
- Values Clarification
- Values Education
- Virtue Ethics
- Waldorf Education: Rudolf Steiner
- Multiculturalism and Special Populations
- Assimilation
- At-Risk Children
- Bilingual Education
- Colonialism and Postcolonial Theory
- Critical Race Theory
- Diversity
- Du Bois, W. E. B.
- Epistemology, Multicultural
- Ethnicity and Race
- Experiential Learning
- Gender and Education
- Identity and Identity Politics
- Ideology
- Immigrants, Education of
- Legal Decisions Affecting Education
- Linguistic Diversity
- Multicultural Citizenship
- Multiculturalism
- Racism and Multicultural Antiracist Education
- Religious Symbols and Clothing
- Right to an Education
- Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
- Organization of Schooling
- Deschooling Society: Ivan Illich
- Charter Schools
- Dalton Plan
- Homeschooling
- Laboratory School, University of Chicago
- Little Commonwealth: Homer Lane
- Montessori Education
- Neill, A. S., and Summerhill
- Open Schools
- Privatization
- Productive Labor and Occupations: From Dewey to Makarenko
- Progressive Education and Its Critics
- Project Method
- School Choice
- Schooling in the United States: Historical Analyses
- Utopias
- Waldorf Education: Rudolf Steiner
- Philosophy of Education: The Analytic Tradition
- Aims, Concept of
- Continental/Analytic Divide in Philosophy of Education
- Education, Concept of
- Education, Transcendental Justification of
- Educational Theory, Nature of
- Indoctrination
- Knowledge, Analysis of
- Knowledge, Structure of: From Aristotle to Bruner and Hirst
- Noddings, Nel
- Peters, R. S.
- Rationality and Its Cultivation
- Russell, Bertrand
- Scheffler, Israel
- Virtue Ethics
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig
- Philosophy of Education: The Continental Traditions
- Bildung
- Buber, Martin
- Castoriadis, Cornelius
- Continental/Analytic Divide in Philosophy of Education
- Critical Theory
- Deconstruction
- Educational Science
- Educational Theory, Nature of
- Embodiment
- Foucault, Michel
- Greene, Maxine
- Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
- Heidegger, Martin
- Herbart, Johann F.
- Hermeneutics
- Kant, Immanuel
- Lyotard, Jean-François
- Maritain, Jacques
- Nietzsche, Friedrich
- Pestalozzi, Johann H.
- Phenomenological Pedagogy
- Phenomenology
- Postmodernism
- Sartre, Jean-Paul
- Schleiermacher, Friedrich
- Philosophy of Education: Feminist Perspectives
- Addams, Jane
- Arendt, Hannah
- Beauvoir, Simone de
- Feminist Epistemology
- Feminist Ethics
- Feminist Standpoint Theory
- Gender and Education
- Greene, Maxine
- Martin, Jane Roland
- Moral Development: Lawrence Kohlberg and Carol Gilligan
- Murdoch, Iris
- Noddings, Nel
- Stereotype Effects and Attributions: Inside and Out
- Wollstonecraft, Mary
- Young, Iris Marion
- Philosophy of Education: Nonwestern Traditions
- Philosophy of Education: The Political Theory Tradition
- Autonomy
- Capability Approach: Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen
- Cavell, Stanley
- Children’s Rights
- Citizenship and Civic Education
- Communitarianism
- Deliberative Democracy
- Democratic Theory of Education
- Equality of Educational Opportunity
- Ideology
- Legal Decisions Affecting Education
- Liberalism
- MacIntyre, Alasdair
- Marx, Karl
- Mill, John Stuart
- Multicultural Citizenship
- Neoliberalism
- Oakeshott, Michael
- Rawls, John
- Right to an Education
- Rights: Children, Parents, and Community
- Toleration
- Utilitarianism
- Philosophy of Education: The Pragmatic Tradition
- Philosophy of Science, Sociology of Science, and Epistemology
- Causation
- Dewey, John
- Edinburgh School of Sociology of Knowledge
- Educational Research, Critiques of
- Educational Science
- Educational Theory, Nature of
- Epistemology, Multicultural
- Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research: Campbell and Stanley
- Feminist Standpoint Theory
- Hermeneutics
- Kuhn, Thomas S.
- Lakatos, Imre
- Locke, John
- Philosophical Issues in Educational Research: An Overview
- Popper, Karl
- Positivism
- Postmodernism
- Postpositivism
- Social Constructionism
- Validity, Types of
- Value-Free Ideal for Research: Controversies
- Progressive Education
- Dewey, John
- Du Bois, W. E. B.
- Laboratory School, University of Chicago
- Lifelong Education
- Little Commonwealth: Homer Lane
- Neill, A. S., and Summerhill
- Play
- Productive Labor and Occupations: From Dewey to Makarenko
- Progressive Education and Its Critics
- Project Method
- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
- Russell, Bertrand
- Waldorf Education: Rudolf Steiner
- Psychological Orientation in Educational Theory
- Century of the Child, The: Ellen Key
- Abilities, Measurement of
- Achievement Motivation
- Activity Theory
- Adolescent Development
- Advance Organizers
- Analytical Psychology: Carl Jung
- Aptitude–Treatment Interactions: Evolution of Research
- Associationism
- Behavioral Objectives and Operational Definitions
- Behaviorism
- Bell Curve
- Bruner, Jerome
- Childhood, Concept of
- Cognitive Load Theory and Learning
- Cognitive Revolution and Information Processing Perspectives
- Communities of Learners
- Competence
- Conceptual Change
- Distributed Cognition
- Embodiment
- Evolution and Educational Psychology
- Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research: Campbell and Stanley
- Faculty Psychology and Mental Discipline
- Freud, Sigmund
- Habits
- Herbart, Johann F.
- Individual Psychology: Alfred Adler
- Insight Learning
- Intelligence: History and Controversies
- Intelligent Tutoring Systems
- James, William
- Language Acquisition, Theories of
- Learning, Theories of
- Locke, John
- Metacognition
- Moral Development: Lawrence Kohlberg and Carol Gilligan
- Motivation
- Multiple Intelligences: Howard Gardner
- Neurosciences and Learning
- Pedagogical Content Knowledge: Lee Shulman
- Piaget, Jean
- Play
- Positive Psychology and Education
- Psychoanalytically Oriented Theories of Child Development
- Radical Constructivism: Ernst von Glasersfeld
- Recapitulation, Theory of
- Rogers, Carl: Freedom to Learn
- Self-Regulated Learning
- Single- and Double-Loop Learning
- Social Cognitive Theory
- Stereotype Effects and Attributions: Inside and Out
- Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
- Teaching Machines: From Thorndike, Pressey, and Skinner to CAI
- Teaching, Concept and Models of
- Theories of Action
- Theory of Mind
- Transfer of Learning
- Youth Culture, Theories of
- Social Sciences Orientation in Educational Theory
- Deschooling Society: Ivan Illich
- Activity Theory
- Actor–Network Theory: Bruno Latour
- Alienation
- Anthropology of Education: Main Traditions and Issues
- At-Risk Children
- Capital: Cultural, Symbolic, and Social
- Childhood, Concept of
- Chomsky, Noam
- Church and State
- Code Theory: Basil Bernstein
- Coleman Report
- Colonialism and Postcolonial Theory
- Communities of Learners
- Competence
- Complexity Theory
- Cost–Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness Analyses
- Critical Race Theory
- Critical Theory
- Discourse Analysis
- Diversity
- Dropouts
- Economic Development and Education
- Edinburgh School of Sociology of Knowledge
- Education Production Functions
- Embodiment
- Ethnicity and Race
- Evaluation of Educational and Social Programs: Models
- Evidence-Based Policy and Practice
- Gender and Education
- Globalization and World Society
- Hermeneutics
- Human Capital Theory and Education
- Identity and Identity Politics
- Ideology
- Immigrants, Education of
- Kuhn, Thomas S.
- Language Acquisition, Theories of
- Literacy and the New Literacy Studies
- Loose Coupling
- Managerialism
- Marx, Karl
- Mead, George Herbert
- Modernization Theory
- Privatization
- Quality of Education
- Racism and Multicultural Antiracist Education
- Reflective Practice: Donald Schön
- Reproduction Theories
- Rhetorical Canons
- School and Classroom Climate
- School Choice
- Semiotics
- Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
- Social Class
- Social Constructionism
- Social Darwinism
- Social Reconstruction
- Social Systems Theory: Talcott Parsons and Niklas Luhmann
- Socialization
- Technology and Education
- Technology and Society, Critiques of
- Theories of Action
- Topophilia (Love of Place)
- Vygotsky, Lev
- Youth Culture, Theories of
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