The term reduction in force (RIF), as typically used in U.S. K-12 education, refers to the process by which there is a reduction in the number of teachers employed by local school districts. Unlike a discharge for cause, which is due to a teacher’s inadequacy, lack of performance, or personal failure, a discharge due to a necessary RIF is due to external, institutional factors. Perry Zirkel and Charles Bargerstock explain that the process and procedures for RIF are reflected in state legislation surrounding tenure laws or other teacher employment acts that establish the parameters for the suspension or dismissal of professional employees by local districts. Provisions governing the layoff of teachers can also be found in teacher contracts, including those in collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) ...