Job training and vocational education provide occupation-specific skills that can overlap, but are also distinct from, formal systems of compulsory and tertiary education. However, while both types of education are similar, job training differs from vocational education in that the skills students learn in job training programs lead to a specific job, while the skills associated with vocational education can prepare students for a range of jobs within a given industry. Job training systems, both in the United States and globally, exist to contribute to the overall efficiency of labor markets with the end result of encouraging economic growth and development. In the United States, these systems have historically focused on manufacturing and trade skills, but as jobs in labor-intensive heavy industries such as manufacturing ...