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Equivocation
The term equivocation is used in two different senses: as a logical fallacy and as communicative strategy.
The logical fallacy of equivocation occurs when a term is used with two or more different meanings within the same argument. For example, consider the ...
- Advertising, Marketing, and Public Relations
- Animals and Nature
- Communication
- “Boy Who Cried Wolf”
- Aroused Suspicion
- Bluffing
- Bragging and Grandiosity
- Burgoon, Judee
- Coherence and Correspondence
- Communication
- Content in Context
- Deception Detection Accuracy
- Discovered Deception, Reactions to
- Equivocation
- Exaggeration
- Frank, Mark
- Frankfurt, Harry G.
- Generalized Communicative Suspicion
- Goffman, Erving
- Half-Truths
- Honesty
- Infidelity
- Information Manipulation Theory 1
- Information Manipulation Theory 2
- Interpersonal Deception Theory
- Knapp, Mark
- Language
- Lie Acceptability
- Lie Bias
- Lies, Types of
- Lying, Prevalence of
- McCornack, Steven
- McCornack-Parks Model
- Miller, Gerald
- Paltering
- Park, Hee Sun
- Park-Levine Probability Model
- Plausibility
- Probing Effect
- Relationships: Family
- Relationships: Friends
- Relationships: Romantic
- Relationships: Sexual
- Reputation
- Sender Demeanor
- Sock Puppetry
- Source Credibility
- Tall Tales
- Transparent Liars
- Truth
- Truth Bias
- Veracity Effect
- White Lies
- Deception in Different Cultures
- Entertainment, Media, and Sports
- Invention of Lying, The
- Lie to Me
- To Tell the Truth
- War of the Worlds
- Audience
- Baseball
- Basketball
- Beatles Hoax
- Blair, Jayson
- Brer Rabbit
- Children's Sports Teams
- College Sports
- Computer-Generated Images
- Fairy Tales
- Fantasy and Imagination
- Fiction
- Football
- Frey, James
- Games, Children's
- Glass, Stephen
- Gossip
- High School Sports
- Hockey
- Humor
- Iago (Shakespeare's Othello)
- Internet: Chat Rooms
- Internet: E-Mail
- Internet: Facebook and Social Media Sites
- Internet: Online Dating
- Magic Tricks
- Memoirs
- Movies, Lying in
- News Media: Internet
- News Media: Print
- News Media: Television and Radio
- Photographs, Altered
- Pinocchio
- Poker
- Rose, Pete
- Rumor
- Sawyer, Tom
- Soccer (Football)
- Ethics, Morality, and Religion
- Law, Business, and Academia
- Academia
- Accounting
- Alibi
- Attorneys
- Bankruptcy
- Business
- Caveat Emptor
- Cold Fusion
- Collusion
- Context
- Corporate Fraud
- Corporations
- Credibility
- Dot-Com Bubble
- Financial Markets
- Forgery, Art
- Greenspan, Alan
- Identity Theft
- Insider Trading
- Investment Fraud
- Justice
- Law and Law Enforcement
- Letters of Recommendation
- Libel and Slander
- Manipulation
- Marketing, Deceptive
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry
- Perjury
- Plagiarism
- Résumés
- Stylometry
- Witness, False Testimony of
- Military
- Battle of Fishguard
- Battle of the Bulge
- Bush, George W.
- Camouflage
- Churchill, Winston
- Civil War, U.S.
- Clausewitz, Carl von
- Defense Academy for Credibility Assessment
- Department of Defense, U.S.
- Disinformation
- Feigned Retreat
- Iran-Contra Affair
- Iraq War
- Korean War
- Military Deception
- Napoleon Bonaparte
- Nazi Propaganda
- Normandy, Allied Invasion of
- Operation Bodyguard
- Operation Mincemeat
- Operation Neptune
- Operation Quicksilver
- Siege of Mafeking
- Smoke Screen
- Sun Tzu
- Terrorism
- Torture
- Vietnam War
- World War I
- World War II
- Politics and Government
- Authoritarian States
- Big Lie Technique
- Bush, George W.
- Central Intelligence Agency, U.S.
- Clinton, Bill
- Contagious Disease Outbreaks
- Disasters
- Edwards, John
- Espionage and Counterespionage
- Government Propaganda
- Government, Decline of Public Trust in
- Iran-Contra Affair
- Kennedy, John F.
- Nazi Propaganda
- Nixon, Richard
- Secrecy
- Spin, Political
- Stalin, Josef
- Watergate
- White House Press Secretaries
- Psychology: Clinical and Developmental
- Adolescence, Lying in
- Brain
- Childhood, Lying in
- Children, Development of Deception in
- Consciousness
- Consensual Reality
- Cooperation
- Crying
- Disbelief, Suspension of
- Drugs
- Emotions
- False Memories
- Freud, Sigmund
- Guilt
- Impression
- Intelligence
- Lying as Exercise of Power
- Lying as Norm in Social Interactions
- Lying, Accusations of
- Lying, Costs of
- Lying, Difficulty of
- Lying, Intentionality of
- Malingering
- Memory
- Mental Effort in Lying
- Narcissism
- Neurophysiology
- Pathological Lying
- Projection
- Psychoanalysis
- Rationality
- Repressed Memories
- Self-Deception
- Self-Esteem
- Self-Justification
- Theory of Mind
- Ward, Lester F.
- Psychology: Social, Legal, and Forensic
- Behavioral Analysis Interview
- Betrayal
- Bond, Charles
- Cheating
- Cognitive Dissonance
- Cognitive Heuristics
- Cognitive Load
- Concealed Information Test
- Courtship, Deception in
- Daily Life, Lying in
- Deception and Technology
- Deception and Trust
- Deception in Different Contexts
- Deception in Research Design
- Deception Motives
- Deception, Attitudes Toward
- Deception, Characteristics of
- Deception, Definitions of
- Deception, Research on
- Deniability
- Denial
- DePaulo, Bella
- Dishonesty
- Distrust
- Duchenne Smile
- Duping Delight
- Ekman, Paul
- Electroencephalography
- Evidence, Strategic Use of
- Eye Contact
- False Confessions
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Guilt
- Gullibility
- Honest Baseline Behaviors
- Investigator Bias
- Leakage
- Linguistic Cues
- Lying as Ability or Skill
- Machiavellianism
- Meta-Analysis
- Microfacial Expressions
- Motivational Impairment Effect
- Nonverbal Cues
- Othello Effect
- Overconfidence
- Polygraph
- Reaction Time
- Reality Monitoring
- Scientific Content Analysis
- Situational Familiarity
- Sock Puppetry
- Statement Validity Assessment
- Thermal Imaging
- Vocal Stress Analysis
- Vrij, Aldert
- Wizards of Lie Detection
- Social History: Lies in History, Famous Liars, and Hoaxes
- Great Gatsby, The
- New York Sun's Moon Series
- War of the Worlds
- Anderson, Anna (Anastasia)
- Anthropology, Cultural
- April Fool's Day
- Aristotle
- Bailey, Frederick George
- Barnum, P. T.
- Cardiff Giant
- Charles II Plot
- Churchill, Winston
- Civil War, U.S.
- Clausewitz, Carl von
- Clever Hans
- Colonialism
- Columbus, Christopher
- Con Man
- Conspiracies
- Cottingley Fairies
- Cromwell, Oliver
- Darwin, Charles
- Disasters
- Dreyfus Affair
- Eisenhower, Dwight
- Freud, Sigmund
- Hartzell, Oscar
- Hearst, William Randolph
- Historical Narratives, False
- History of Deception: 1600 to 1700
- History of Deception: 1700 to 1800
- History of Deception: 1800 to 1900
- History of Deception: 1900 to 1950
- History of Deception: 1950 to the Present
- History of Deception: Ancient Civilizations
- History of Deception: Medieval Period
- History of Deception: Renaissance
- Hitler, Adolf
- Inca Empire
- Iran-Contra Affair
- Irving, Clifford
- Jackalope
- Jackson, Andrew
- Jefferson, Thomas
- Kennedy, John F.
- Korean War
- Machiavelli, Niccolò
- Madoff, Bernard
- Memoirs
- Myth
- Napoleon Bonaparte
- Native Americans
- Nazi Propaganda
- Newman, Cardinal
- Nietzsche, Friedrich
- Nixon, Richard
- Normandy, Allied Invasion of
- Nostradamus
- Operation Bodyguard
- Operation Mincemeat
- Operation Neptune
- Operation Quicksilver
- Piltdown Man
- Plato
- Rose, Pete
- Santa Claus
- Siege of Mafeking
- Spanish-American Conquests
- Stalin, Josef
- Stewart, Martha
- Sun Tzu
- Trojan Horse
- UFOs
- Urban Legends
- Vietnam War
- Washington, George
- White House Press Secretaries
- World War I
- World War II
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