SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of Deception

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Duchenne Smile

In: Encyclopedia of Deception
Edited by: Timothy R. Levine
Subject:Interpersonal Relationships, Interpersonal Communication, Moral Development

Smiling is a ubiquitous facial expression that begins in infancy and is widely understood to be a display of favorable emotions, such as pleasure. People who smile are viewed as trustworthy, friendly, and cooperative. The smile is a powerful social gesture ...

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  Levine, T. R. (2014). Duchenne smile. In Encyclopedia of deception (Vol. 1, pp. 318-319). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483306902.n121
  
  Levine, Timothy R. "Duchenne Smile." In Encyclopedia of Deception, edited by Levine, Timothy R., 318-19. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2014. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483306902.n121.
  
  Levine, T. R. 2014. Duchenne Smile. In: Timothy R. Levine Editor, 2014. Encyclopedia of Deception, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 318-319 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483306902.n121> [Accessed 19 May 2022].
  
  Levine, Timothy R. "Duchenne Smile." Encyclopedia of Deception. Edited by Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2014, pp. 318-19. SAGE Knowledge. 19 May 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483306902.n121.
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