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Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton
The U.S. Supreme Court's judgment in Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton (1995) stands out as its first of two decisions on the important topic of drug testing of students. In Acton, the Court held that a school board's random drug-testing policy for student athletes was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment.
Facts of the Case
Acton began when, in response to parental concerns of increased drug use among students, a school board in Oregon instituted a drug-testing policy for student athletes. The policy focused on student athletes because they were leaders of the drug culture at their high school and there were at least two incidents wherein members of teams were injured due to the effects of drug use. The policy, which contained safeguards to protect the ...
- Biographies
- Alito, Samuel A., Jr.
- Black, Hugo L.
- Brennan, William J.
- Breyer, Stephen G.
- Burger, Warren E.
- Darrow, Clarence S.
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- Frankfurter, Felix J.
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- Jefferson, Thomas
- Kennedy, Anthony M.
- Marshall, John
- Marshall, Thurgood
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- Litigation — Student Rights
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- Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls
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- Owasso Independent School District No. 1011 v. Falvo
- Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
- United States v. Lopez
- United States v. Virginia
- Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton
- Winkelman ex rel. Winkelman v. Parma City School District
- Litigation — Teacher Rights
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- Cannon v. University of Chicago
- Chicago Teachers Union, Local No. 1 v. Hudson
- Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill
- Connick v. Myers
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- Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
- Harrah Independent School District v. Martin
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- Shelton v. Tucker
- Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives' Association
- Smith v. City of Jackson, Mississippi
- St. Martin Evangelical Lutheran Church v. South Dakota
- Organizations
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- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
- National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
- Parent Teacher Associations/Organizations
- U.S. Department of Education
- Parental Rights
- Primary Sources: Excerpted U.S. Supreme Court Landmark Cases
- Abington Township School District v. Schempp and Murray v. Curlett (Excerpts)
- Agostini v. Felton (Excerpts)
- Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser (Excerpts)
- Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls (Excerpts)
- Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley (Excerpts)
- Board of Education of Westside Community Schools v. Mergens (Excerpts)
- Board of Education v. Allen (Excerpts)
- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka I (Excerpts)
- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka II (Excerpts)
- Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill (Excerpts)
- Davenport v. Washington Education Association (Excerpts)
- Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education (Excerpts)
- Engel v. Vitale (Excerpts)
- Epperson v. State of Arkansas (Excerpts)
- Everson v. Board of Education of Ewing Township (Excerpts)
- Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (Excerpts)
- Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School District (Excerpts)
- Goss v. Lopez (Excerpts)
- Green v. County School Board of New Kent County (Excerpts)
- Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (Excerpts)
- Honig v. Doe (Excerpts)
- Illinois ex rel. McCollum v. Board of Education (Excerpts)
- Lee v. Weisman (Excerpts)
- Lemon v. Kurtzman (Excerpts)
- Martinez v. Bynum (Excerpts)
- Meyer v. Nebraska (Excerpts)
- Morse v. Frederick (Excerpts)
- New Jersey v. T. L. O. (Excerpts)
- Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (Excerpts)
- Pierce v. Society of Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary (Excerpts)
- Plyler v. Doe (Excerpts)
- San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (Excerpts)
- Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (Excerpts)
- Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (Excerpts)
- Zorach v. Clauson (Excerpts)
- Religion in Public Schools
- Special Education and Rights of Disabled Persons
- Assistive Technology
- Behavioral Intervention Plan
- Compensatory Services
- Disabled Persons, Rights of
- Extended School Year Services
- Free Appropriate Public Education
- Hearing Officer
- Inclusion
- Individualized Education Program (IEP)
- Least Restrictive Environment
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- Tuition Reimbursement
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- Civil Rights Act of 1871 (Section 1983)
- Civil Rights Act of 1964
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- Equal Pay Act
- Family and Medical Leave Act
- Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
- Gun-Free Schools Act
- Internet Content Filtering
- Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Act
- National Defense Education Act
- National Labor Relations Act
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- Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504
- Religious Freedom Restoration Act
- Stafford Act
- Title I
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- Title IX and Sexual Harassment
- Title VII
- United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- Voting Rights Act
- Student Rights and Student Welfare Issues
- Academic Sanctions
- Bullying
- Child Abuse
- Child Benefit Test
- Child Protection
- Children's Internet Protection Act
- Corporal Punishment
- Cyberbullying
- Denominational Schools in Canada
- Dress Codes
- Extracurricular Activities, Law and Policy
- Free Speech and Expression Rights of Students
- Gangs
- Gifted Education
- Grading Practices
- Graduation Requirements
- Hazing
- Homeless Students, Rights of
- Homeschooling
- Inclusion
- Juvenile Courts
- Kindergarten, Right to Attend
- Least Restrictive Environment
- Limited English Proficiency
- Locker Searches
- Manifestation Determination
- Minimum Competency Testing
- No Child Left Behind Act
- Nonpublic Schools
- Response to Intervention (RTI)
- Student Suicides
- Testing, High-Stakes
- Transportation, Students' Rights to
- Truancy
- Vaccinations, Mandatory
- Web Sites, Student
- Teacher Rights
- Academic Freedom
- Collective Bargaining
- Drug Testing of Teachers
- Due Process Rights: Teacher Dismissal
- Family and Medical Leave Act
- Highly Qualified Teachers
- Loyalty Oaths
- Personnel Records
- Political Activities and Speech of Teachers
- Privacy Rights of Teachers
- Reduction in Force
- Sexual Harassment of Students by Teachers
- Teacher Rights
- Tenure
- Technology
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