Aptitude can be defined as individual differences that are related to subsequent learning during a fixed time frame. The learning or acquisition of knowledge or skills can occur in a formal intervention (training or education) or in an informal setting (experience or mentoring). This definition can be fruitfully narrowed by specifying the domain of individual differences (cognitive, noncognitive) and the type of relationship (i.e., rate, accuracy) with learning. Numerous individual differences are related to learning, including cognitive abilities, personality traits, interests, and values. All of these can be considered aptitudes, and all can be evaluated in work, school, or avocational contexts. Aptitudes are discussed most commonly in reference to cognitive abilities within a formal educational or training context where the learning is labeled achievement.

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