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United States
In: Encyclopedia of Drug Policy
United States
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412976961.n355
Subject: Public Policy, Drug Crimes
- Entry
- Reader's Guide
- Entries A-Z
- Subject Index
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Until Congress passed the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, drugs like heroin and cocaine were unregulated. At the turn of the century, heroin was a primary ingredient in some tonics and elixirs, and doctors began to notice their patients consuming unusually large amounts of cough syrup containing the drug. Americans first widely used cocaine in a few very popular drinks, including Vin Mariani, a combination of red wine and coca leaf extracts. Cocaine products were labeled as an antidote for the melancholy and a healthy stimulant for athletes. “Baseball players have found by practical experience that a steady course of coca taken both before and after any trial of strength or endurance will impart energy to every movement,” read one advertisement for coca-based wine.
Soon, ...
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- Employment Division v. Smith (1990)
- Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente União do Vegetal (2006)
- Gonzales v. Oregon
- Gonzales v. Raich (2005)
- Gore v. United States (1958)
- Indianapolis v. Edmond (2000)
- Jin Fuey Moy v. United States (1920)
- Leary v. United States (1967)
- Lewis v. United States (1966)
- Linder v. United States (1925)
- People v. Woody (1964)
- United States v. Doremus (1919)
- United States v. Jeffers (1951)
- United States v. Kuch (1968)
- United States v. Sanchez (1950)
- United States v. Warner (1984)
- Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971
- Narcotics Limitation Convention of 1931
- National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse (1972)
- 1909 Shanghai Conference
- 1912 Hague Conference
- 1925 Geneva Convention on Opium and Other Drugs
- 1946 Revision of the Harrison Act
- Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961
- United Nations Convention Against the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs
- Afghanistan
- Algeria
- Argentina
- Australia
- Azerbaijan
- Bahamas
- Bangladesh
- Belarus
- Belize
- Benin
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Cambodia
- Canada
- Chile
- China
- Colombia
- Congo
- Costa Rica
- Cuba
- Denmark
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- El Salvador
- France
- Germany
- Ghana
- Greece
- Guatemala
- Haiti
- Honduras
- Hong Kong
- India
- Indonesia
- Iran
- Iraq
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Jamaica
- Japan
- Jordan
- Kazakhstan
- Kenya
- Korea, South
- Kyrgyzstan
- Lao PDR
- Lebanon
- Libya
- Malaysia
- Mexico
- Morocco
- Myanmar
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Nicaragua
- Nigeria
- Pakistan
- Panama
- Papua New Guinea
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Philippines
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- Saudi Arabia
- Senegal
- Singapore
- South Africa
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Tajikistan
- Thailand
- Tunisia
- Turkey
- Uganda
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Uruguay
- Uzbekistan
- Venezuela
- Vietnam
- Yemen
- Anti-Drug Operations, Pre-1960s
- Anti-Drug Operations, 1960s
- Anti-Drug Operations, 1970s
- Anti-Drug Operations, 1980s
- Anti-Drug Operations, 1990s
- Anti-Drug Operations, 2000s
- Asset Forfeiture
- Cocaine Cartels
- Data Collection Systems
- Drug Trafficking and Political Movements
- Drugs and Money Laundering
- Drugs and Terrorism
- Drugs-Crime Connection
- Golden Crescent
- Golden Triangle
- Prices and Volumes in Illicit Markets, Theories of
- Set and Setting
- Alabama Laws and Programs
- Alaska Laws and Programs
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Education Amendments (1978)
- Analogue (Designer Drug) Act
- Anti-Drug Abuse Act (Drug-Free America Act)
- Anti-Drug Abuse Amendment Act
- Anti-Drug War Movement
- Arizona Laws and Programs
- Arkansas Laws and Programs
- Aviation Drug-Trafficking Control Act
- Boggs Act
- California Laws and Programs
- Colorado Laws and Programs
- Community Mental Health Centers Act
- Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984
- Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
- Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act
- Connecticut Laws and Programs
- Controlled Substance Registrant Protection Act
- Controlled Substances Import and Export Act
- Controlled Substances Penalties Amendments Act
- Criminal Justice/Enforcement Strategies of Drug Control
- Dangerous Drug Diversion Control Act
- Delaware Laws and Programs
- Demand-Side Policies
- Diversion Programs
- Drug Abuse Control Amendments (1965)
- Drug Courts
- Drug Policies: General Strategies
- Drug Policy Effects on Rates of Crime
- Drug Policy Effects on Rates of Drug-Related Illnesses
- Drug Policy Effects on Rates of Drug-Related Injuries
- Drug Policy Effects on Rates of Incarceration
- Drug Policy Effects on Rates of Use
- Drug-Free Communities Act
- Drugs and the Death Sentence
- Durham-Humphrey Act
- Ecstasy Anti-Proliferation Act
- Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
- Elite Model of Drug Laws
- Elite-Engineered Moral Panics
- Florida Laws and Programs
- Food and Drug Administration
- Georgia Laws and Programs
- Grassroots Model of Drug Laws
- Grassroots Moral Panics
- Group Model of Drug Laws
- Harrison Act
- Hawaii Laws and Programs
- Heroin Trafficking Act
- Idaho Laws and Programs
- Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act
- Illinois Laws and Programs
- Indiana Laws and Programs
- International Drug Policies: Eradication of Narcotic Crops
- International Drug Policies: Interdiction and Law Enforcement
- International Drug Policies: International Cooperation
- International Drug Policies: Sanctions/Economic Assistance
- Iowa Laws and Programs
- “Just Say No”
- Kansas Laws and Programs
- Kentucky Laws and Programs
- Louisiana Laws and Programs
- Maine Laws and Programs
- Mandatory Sentencing
- Marihuana Tax Act (1937)
- Maryland Laws and Programs
- Massachusetts Laws and Programs
- Methadone Control Act
- Michigan Laws and Programs
- Minnesota Laws and Programs
- Mississippi Laws and Programs
- Missouri Laws and Programs
- Montana Laws and Programs
- Moral Panics and Drug Laws
- Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act
- Narcotic Control Act
- Narcotic Drug Act
- Narcotic Drug Import and Export Act
- Narcotics Manufacturers Act
- National Narcotics Act
- Native Races Act
- Nebraska Laws and Programs
- Nevada Laws and Programs
- New Hampshire Laws and Programs
- New Jersey Laws and Programs
- New Mexico Laws and Programs
- New York Laws and Programs
- 1946 Revision of Harrison Act
- North Carolina Laws and Programs
- North Dakota Laws and Programs
- Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act
- Ohio Laws and Programs
- Oklahoma Laws and Programs
- Omnibus Drug Abuse Act
- Opium Poppy Control Act
- Oregon Laws and Programs
- Pennsylvania Laws and Programs
- Policies Regulating Alcohol, U.S.
- Policies Regulating Pharmaceutical Drugs, U.S.
- Policies Regulating Tobacco, U.S.
- Policing Techniques in the War on Drugs
- Porter Narcotic Farm Act
- Pure Food and Drug Act
- Reducing Americans' Vulnerability to Ecstasy Act (RAVE Act)
- Religious Freedom and Drug Laws
- Rhode Island Laws and Programs
- Rockefeller Laws
- Schedule of Controlled Substances
- South Carolina Laws and Programs
- South Dakota Laws and Programs
- Supply-Side Policies
- Tennessee Laws and Programs
- Testing and Sanctions
- Texas Laws and Programs
- Twenty-First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
- Uniform State Narcotics Act
- Utah Laws and Programs
- Vermont Laws and Programs
- Virginia Laws and Programs
- Volstead Act
- “War on Drugs”
- Washington Laws and Programs
- Webb-Kenyon Act
- West Virginia Laws and Programs
- Wisconsin Laws and Programs
- Workplace: Drug-Free Policy
- Workplace: Role, Prevention, and Programs
- Wyoming Laws and Programs
- Zero Tolerance
- Alcoholics Anonymous
- Anti-Drug Grassroots Organizations
- Anti-Tobacco Campaigns
- Armed Forces
- Bureau of Drug Abuse Control
- Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
- D.A.R.E.
- Drug Enforcement Administration
- Drug Treatment Programs
- Federal Bureau of Narcotics
- International Drug Agencies
- International Narcotics Control Board
- Narcotics Anonymous
- National Organization for Reform of Marijuana Laws
- Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement
- Office of National Drug Control Policy
- Office of National Narcotics Intelligence
- Partnership for a Drug-Free America
- President's Advisory Commission on Narcotics and Drug Abuse (Prettyman)
- Secular Organizations for Sobriety
- Social Movements Against Drunken Driving
- Temperance Movement
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
- U.S. Department of State Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
- Women for Sobriety
- Ambrose, Myles
- Anslinger, Harry
- Bartels, John
- Bennett, William
- Bensinger, Peter
- Bonner, Robert
- Bourne, Peter
- Brown, Lee
- Constantine, Thomas
- Dupont, Robert
- Giordano, Henry
- Greene, Stephen
- Hutchinson, Asa
- Ingersoll, John
- Kerlikowske, Gil
- Lawn, John
- Leonhart, Michele
- Lindesmith, Alfred
- Marshall, Donnie
- Martinez, Bob
- McCaffrey, Barry R.
- Mill, John Stuart
- Mullen, Francis
- Sullivan, William
- Tandy, Karen
- Turner, Carlton
- Walters, John
- Bush Administration, George H. W.
- Bush Administration, George W.
- Carter Administration, James
- Clinton Administration, William
- Coolidge Administration, Calvin
- Eisenhower Administration, Dwight
- Ford Administration, Gerald
- Harding Administration, Warren
- Hoover Administration, Herbert
- Johnson Administration, Lyndon
- Kennedy Administration, John F.
- Nixon Administration, Richard
- Obama Administration, Barack
- Presidential Administrations Prior to Federal Drug Regulation
- Reagan Administration, Ronald
- Roosevelt Administration, Franklin D.
- Roosevelt Administration, Theodore
- Taft Administration, William Howard
- Truman Administration, Harry
- Wilson Administration, Woodrow
- Addiction Maintenance
- Coerced Drug Treatment
- Disease Model of Use
- Drug Abuse Warning Network
- Drug Testing
- Drug Treatment Programs
- Evaluative Evidence of Prevention Programs
- Evaluative Evidence of Rehab/Treatment Programs
- Group Therapy
- Harm Reduction
- Inpatient Treatment Programs
- Laboratory Techniques
- Needle Exchange Programs
- Prescription Drug Abuse
- Prevention Programs
- Rational Addiction Model of Drug Use
- Rehabilitation/Treatment Programs
- Safe Injection Rooms
- Single Distribution Theory of Consumption
- SMART Recovery
- 12-Step Recovery Programs
- Alcohol
- Amphetamines
- Antagonist Medications
- Barbiturates
- Caffeine
- Club Drugs
- Cocaine
- Crack
- Ecstasy
- Freebase
- Hallucinogens
- Heroin
- Inhalants
- Ketamine
- Khat
- LSD
- Marijuana
- Methadone
- Methamphetamine
- Morphine
- Over-the-Counter Drugs
- Salvia Divinorum
- Sedatives
- Steroids
- Synthetic Narcotics
- Tobacco
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