Diversity is both an unalterable state and a social and ecological value that, if acknowledged and addressed, promotes inclusion of individuals and cultures and sustainable development of organizations and societies. Leadership for diversity recognizes and leads from the perspective of this state of human diversity, promoting diversity and cohesion as a social and professional value. Leadership for diversity is a relevant topic in this encyclopedia because school populations around the world today are more diverse than at any other time in many nations' histories, reflecting unparalleled teaching and learning opportunities and challenges. Leadership often helps students and teachers capitalize on those opportunities and surmount those challenges.