Resilience and Efficacy in Urban Schools

Resilience pertains to a certain emotional ruggedness in individuals that allows them to persevere in the face of adversity. The term resilience connotes a state or condition of emotional strength, persistence, and perseverance of an individual under adverse conditions. This entry examines research on resilience and self-efficacy as it applies to students in urban schools.

Steven and Sandra Wolin characterize resilient individuals as those who are socially and emotionally hardy, invulnerable, and invincible. Michael Rutter characterizes resilience as a protective mechanism that modifies an individual's response to particular types of adversity (known as risk factors) so as to avert negative outcomes in the form of problematic behavior, social pathology, or psychopathology. Hence, Norman Garmezy and Ann Masten conclude that in addition to referring to a state ...

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