African American Males, Education of

The education of African American males has garnered considerable attention during the last 2 decades because of their persistent academic underachievement. The normalization of failure for African American males has become increasingly widespread in many schools across the United States. The attention given to the schooling experience of African American males has been centered on identifying ways to disrupt the chronic school failure that has placed disproportionate numbers of them at the bottom of most academic indices of school performance. Most notable of the areas in which Black males underperform are core subject areas such as reading, writing, and math, where a majority are not at grade-level proficiency, and only a small percentage are at advanced levels. The disparity between African American males and their ...