Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, &amp;amp; Africa: An Encyclopedia

Emrah Sahin

doi:10.4135/9781452218458

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Ottoman Institutions, Capitulations: 1250 to 1920: Middle East

By: Emrah Sahin
In:Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia
Chapter DOI:https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458
Subject:Sociology of Culture, Area Studies (general), Social & Cultural Anthropology
Keywords:empires; foreigners; France; missionaries; Muslims; tax exemption; Turkey

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Capitulations were diplomatic and commercial rights and privileges that the Ottoman imperial government granted to Europeans living and working in the empire. Ottoman sultans decreed capitulations as “unilateral” agreements that stipulated the protection and ...

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  Sahin, E. (Ed.) (2012). . (Vols. 1-4). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458
  
  Sahin, Emrah, ed. Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia. 4 vols. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2012. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458.
  
  Sahin, E. ed., 2012. Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. Available at: <https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458> [Accessed 29 May 2023].
  
  Sahin, Emrah, editor. Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia. 4 vols. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2012. Sage Knowledge, 29 May 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458.
  
  Sahin, Emrah. Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia Vol. 4. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2012. doi:10.4135/9781452218458
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