Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, &amp;amp; Africa: An Encyclopedia

Jonathan Z. Ludwig

doi:10.4135/9781452218458

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Turkmenistan: 1900 to Present: South, Central, and West Asia

By: Jonathan Z. Ludwig
In:Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia
Chapter DOI:https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458
Subject:Sociology of Culture, Area Studies (general), Social & Cultural Anthropology
Keywords:cult of personality; cults; independence; parliament; republics; teeth; Turkmenistan

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Turkmenistan is one of five former Soviet central Asian Republics that gained independence after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. A predominantly Sunni Muslim country of Turkic heritage, Turkmenistan is bordered by Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and the Caspian ...

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  Ludwig, J. (Ed.) (2012). . (Vols. 1-4). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458
  
  Ludwig, Jonathan Z., ed. Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia. 4 vols. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2012. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458.
  
  Ludwig, J. ed., 2012. Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. Available at: <https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458> [Accessed 8 Jun 2023].
  
  Ludwig, Jonathan Z., editor. Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia. 4 vols. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2012. Sage Knowledge, 8 Jun 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458.
  
  Ludwig, Jonathan Z.. Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia Vol. 4. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2012. doi:10.4135/9781452218458
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