Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, &amp;amp; Africa: An Encyclopedia

Francis E. Godwyll; Grace Annor

doi:10.4135/9781452218458

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Female Circumcision: 1900 to Present: Africa

By: Francis E. Godwyll & Grace Annor
In:Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia
Chapter DOI:https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458
Subject:Sociology of Culture, Area Studies (general), Social & Cultural Anthropology
Keywords:circumcision; female genital mutilation; incontinence; urinary incontinence; urine; vagina; vulva

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Female circumcision is a practice that can be traced to approximately 2,000 years ago, and is prevalent today in well over 28 African countries. Also called female genital mutilation (FGM), it is a cultural practice that started in Africa. Though originally ...

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  Godwyll, F., & Annor, G. (2012). Female circumcision: 1900 to present: africa. In Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia (Vol. 4, pp. II280-II280). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458
  
  Godwyll, Francis E., and Grace Annor. "Female Circumcision: 1900 to Present: Africa." In Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia, edited by Godwyll, Francis E., and Grace Annor, II280. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2012. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458.
  
  Godwyll, F. and Annor, G. 2012. Female Circumcision: 1900 to Present: Africa. In: Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia. Francis E. Godwyll and Grace Annor Editors, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. II280 Available at: <https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458> [Accessed 5 Dec 2023].
  
  Godwyll, Francis E. and Grace Annor. "Female Circumcision: 1900 to Present: Africa." Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia. Edited by Vol. 4. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2012, pp. II280. Sage Knowledge, doi: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452218458.
  
  Godwyll, Francis E., and Grace Annor. Female circumcision: 1900 to present: africa. In Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, & Africa: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2012: II280-II280. doi:10.4135/9781452218458
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