SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory

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Williams, Kirk R., and Richard Hawkins: Deterrence Theory and Non-Legal Sanctions

In: Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory
Edited by: Francis T. Cullen & Pamela Wilcox
Subject:Criminological Theory (general)

Deterrence theory is one of the oldest criminological theories, dating back hundreds of years to the Classical School and the work of Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria. However, it was not until the last quarter of the 20th century that criminologists ...

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  Cullen, F. T., & Wilcox, P. (2010). Williams, kirk r., and richard hawkins: deterrence theory and non-legal sanctions. In Encyclopedia of criminological theory (Vol. 1, pp. 1012-1014). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412959193.n279
  
  Cullen, Francis T., and Pamela Wilcox. "Williams, Kirk R., and Richard Hawkins: Deterrence Theory and Non-Legal Sanctions." In Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory, edited by Cullen, Francis T., and Pamela Wilcox, 1012-14. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2010. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412959193.n279.
  
  Cullen, F. T. and Wilcox, P. 2010. Williams, Kirk R., and Richard Hawkins: Deterrence Theory and Non-Legal Sanctions. In: Francis T. Cullen and Pamela Wilcox Editors, 2010. Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 1012-1014 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412959193.n279> [Accessed 29 May 2022].
  
  Cullen, Francis T. and Pamela Wilcox. "Williams, Kirk R., and Richard Hawkins: Deterrence Theory and Non-Legal Sanctions." Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory. Edited by Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2010, pp. 1012-14. SAGE Knowledge. 29 May 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412959193.n279.
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