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Get-Tough Initiatives
Beginning in the late 1970s and early 1980s, legislators began to take a “get-tough” approach to crime control in the United States, a strategy that stresses harsh punishment for criminal offenses. Get-tough initiatives focus on deterrence, incapacitation, and retribution as ...
- Crimes and Related Behaviors
- Antisocial Behavior
- Armed Robbery
- Arson
- Art Theft and Fraud
- Assassination
- Assault
- Banditry
- Barroom Violence
- Blackmail
- Bribery
- Bullying
- Burglary
- Campus Crime
- Capital Crimes
- Career Criminals
- Carjacking
- Child Homicide
- Child Maltreatment
- Child Neglect
- Child Physical Abuse
- Child Sexual Abuse
- Civil Disobedience
- Civil Order Crime
- Collective Violence
- Consumer Fraud
- Corporate Crime
- Crime Classification Systems
- Crime Reports and Statistics
- Crimes Against Persons With Disabilities
- Criminal History
- Cybercrime
- Delinquency
- Digital Crime
- Driving Under the Influence
- Drug Millionaires
- Drug Trafficking
- Elder Abuse
- Environmental Crime
- Euthanasia
- Family Violence
- Fencing
- Feuding
- Forgery
- Fraud
- Gambling
- Gangs
- Genocide
- Graffiti
- Hate Crimes
- Homicide and Murder
- Identity Theft
- Illicit Antiquities
- Infanticide
- Juvenile Crime and War
- Kidnapping
- Mass Murder
- Militias
- Missing Children
- Modus Operandi
- Money Laundering
- Obscenity and Pornography
- Organized Crime—Global
- Organized Crime—United States
- Piracy, Intellectual Property
- Piracy, Sea
- Political Corruption
- Prostitution
- Race and Violence
- Rape
- Rape, Date and Marital
- Recidivism
- Religious Deviance
- Riots
- Road Rage
- Robbery
- Same-Sex Abuse
- School Violence
- Scientific Misconduct
- Securities Fraud
- Sexual Violence
- Shoplifting
- Sibling Violence
- Smuggling
- Spectator Violence
- Sport Violence
- Spree Murder
- Stalking
- Stranger Violence
- Student Threats
- Suicide
- Terrorism
- Vagrancy
- War Crimes
- Witchcraft
- Women as Offenders
- Women Who Kill
- Workplace Violence
- Law and Justice
- Adversarial Justice
- Alternative Dispute Resolution
- Appeal/Appellate
- Arraignment
- Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program
- Assembly-Line Justice
- Bail and Bond
- Cameras in the Courtroom
- Charge Attrition
- Child Witness
- Civil Law Legal Traditions
- Clemency
- Common Law Legal Traditions
- Community Justice Programs
- Community Prosecution
- Comparative Law and Justice
- Competency to Stand Trial
- Court Structure, Federal
- Court Structure, State
- Court Unification
- Criminal Defenses
- Criminal Insanity
- Criminal Justice
- Criminal Law
- Criminal Trial
- Customary Law
- Death Sentence Outcomes
- Defense Counsel Systems
- Determinate Sentences
- Differentiated Case Management
- Discretionary Justice
- Diversion Programs
- Domestic Violence Courts
- Drug Courts
- Drug Legalization
- Drug Treatment
- Due Process
- Entrapment
- Exclusionary Rule
- Expert Witness
- Eyewitness Testimony
- Family Court
- Family Strengthening Programs
- Fines
- Get-Tough Initiatives
- Grand Jury
- Gun Control
- Habitual Felony Laws
- Harm Reduction
- Human Rights
- Indeterminate Sentences
- Inquisitorial Justice
- Intensive Probation Supervision
- International Criminal Court
- Judicial Selection Process
- Jury Nullification
- Jury System
- Justice
- Juvenile Court
- Juvenile Justice
- Juvenile Offenders in Adult Courts
- Mandatory Sentencing
- Mercy
- Military Justice
- Miranda Rights
- Online Victimization of Youth
- Pardon
- Plea Bargaining
- Probation
- Procedural Justice
- Prosecutorial Discretion
- Public Defender
- Race and Sentencing
- Rehabilitation Model
- Reintegration Model
- Release on Own Recognizance
- Restorative Justice
- Retributive Justice
- Revenge, Retribution, and Rehabilitation
- Scared Straight Programs
- Selective Incapacitation
- Sentencing
- Sentencing Guidelines
- Speedy Trial Legislation
- Split Sentence
- United States Supreme Court
- Whistle-Blowing
- Wickersham Commission
- Wrongful Convictions
- Zero Tolerance Policing
- Policing
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Bureau of
- Arrest Clearance
- Arrest Practices
- Broken Windows Theory
- Citizen Review
- Community Policing
- Comparative Policing
- Confession
- Counterterrorism
- Criminal Investigation
- Deadly Force
- Detective Work
- Federal Bureau of Investigation
- Foot Patrol
- Geographic Information Systems
- Geographic Profiling
- Homicide Investigation
- Hot Spot Policing
- House Arrest
- Informants
- Interrogation
- KGB
- Mandatory Arrest
- Neighborhood Watch Programs
- Net Widening
- Police Attitudes and Behavior
- Police Corruption
- Police Information Systems
- Police Organizations
- Police Privatization
- Police Pursuits
- Police Strategies and Operations
- Police Technology
- Police Training and Selection
- Police, Killing of
- Private Security
- Problem-Oriented Policing
- Race and Policing
- Racial Profiling
- Recreational Law Enforcement
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police
- Rural Law Enforcement
- Scotland Yard
- Surveillance Abuse
- Women and Policing
- Zero Tolerance Policing
- Forensics
- Anthropology, Forensic
- Cognitive Interview
- Crime Analysis
- Crime Laboratory
- Crime Scene Assessment
- Criminal Profiling
- Criminalistics
- Detection of Deception
- DNA Testing
- Firearms Identification
- Forensic Behavioral Sciences
- Forensic Interrogation
- Forensic Polygraph
- Forensic Science
- Hypnosis
- Medical Examiner
- Odontology
- Psychiatry, Forensic
- Psychology, Forensic
- Questioned Documents/Ink Dating
- Scientific Evidence
- Toxicology
- Voice Identification
- Voice Stress Analysis
- Corrections
- Abolitionism
- Alcatraz
- Attica
- Auburn State Prison
- Boot Camps
- Corrections
- Corrections Officers
- Day Release
- Death Row
- Death Row Inmates
- Devil's Island
- Early Release Programs
- Eastern State Penitentiary
- Electronic Monitoring
- Elmira Reformatory
- Furlough Programs
- Halfway House
- International Imprisonments
- Joliet Correctional Center
- Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary
- New Generation Jails
- Parole
- Penal Colonies
- Preventive Detention
- Prison Overcrowding
- Prison Reform
- Prison Riots
- Prison Systems
- Prison Violence
- Prisoner Literature
- Prisoner Rights
- Prisoners, Elderly
- Race and Corrections
- Religion in Prison
- San Quentin
- Sex Offender Treatment
- Shelters
- Shock Incarceration
- Sing Sing
- Supermax Prisons
- Tucker State Farm
- Women in Prison
- Work Release
- Victimology
- Juvenile Victimization and Offending
- National Crime Victimization Survey
- Online Victimization of Youth
- Repeat Victimization
- Victim Advocates
- Victim Needs and Services
- Victim Rights and Restitution
- Victim Theories
- Victim/Witness Protection
- Victimization
- Victim-Offender Mediation
- Victims' Bill of Rights
- Women as Victims
- Punishment
- Sociocultural Context and Popular Culture
- Alcohol
- Buddhism
- Christianity
- Cinema
- Comic Books
- Commercial Sex Industry
- Conduct Norms and Crime
- Costs of Crime
- Crime and Everyday Life
- Daoism
- Demography
- Discrimination in the Criminal Justice Workplace
- Drugs
- Environmental Design
- Ethics
- Ethnicity and Race
- Fear of Crime
- Financial Costs and Benefits of Crime Prevention
- Gated Communities
- Gender
- Gun Control
- Hinduism
- HIV/AIDS in Criminal Justice
- Islam
- Judaism
- Literature, Fiction
- Literature, True Crime
- Masculinity, Anger, and Violence
- Media
- Moral Panic
- Policing Democracy
- Political Corruption
- Prisoner Literature
- Public Housing
- Public Opinion
- Risk
- Security Management
- Sensation Seeking
- Shame and Guilt
- Shinto
- Social Class
- Television
- Video and Computer Games
- Vigilantism
- International
- Alternative Punishments in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Australia
- Buddhism
- Canada
- Caribbean
- China
- Christianity
- Comparative Law and Justice
- Comparative Policing
- Counterterrorism
- Daoism
- Europe, Central Eastern
- France
- Genocide
- Germany
- Great Britain
- Hinduism
- Human Rights
- India
- Indonesia
- International Criminal Court
- International Imprisonments
- Islam
- Italian Mafia
- Italy
- Japan
- Judaism
- Latin America, Crime and Violence in
- Mexico
- Organized Crime—Global
- Penal Colonies
- Piracy, Intellectual Property
- Piracy, Sea
- Policing Democracy
- Political Corruption
- Poverty
- Russia
- Shinto
- Singapore
- Smuggling
- South Pacific Islands
- Sub-Saharan Africa
- Terrorism
- War Crimes
- Witchcraft
- Women and Crime in a Global Perspective
- Concepts and Theories
- Attachment Theory
- Biocriminology
- Broken Windows Theory
- Cartographic School of Criminology
- Control Theories
- Crime as Pathology
- Crime Control Model
- Critical Criminology
- Culture Conflict and Crime
- Deterrence Theory
- Deviance
- Economic Theories of Crime
- Education and Employment
- Evolutionary Perspectives on Crime
- Experimental Criminology
- Feminist Theory
- Integrative Theories
- Life-Course Theories
- Nonintervention Model
- Peacemaking Criminology
- Radical Criminology
- Social Control Theory
- Social Learning Theories
- Sociological Theories
- Strain Theory
- Trait Theories
- Research Methods and Information
- Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics
- Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program
- Crime Classification Systems
- Crime Reports and Statistics
- Criminal Justice
- Criminology
- Ethnography of Crime and Punishment
- Information Systems
- National Crime Victimization Survey
- Self-Report Surveys
- Social Psychology
- Statistical Methods and Models
- Uniform Crime Reports
- Organizations and Institutions
- Alcatraz
- Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
- Appendix 3: Professional and Scholarly Associations
- Attica
- Auburn State Prison
- Devil's Island
- Eastern State Penitentiary
- Elmira Reformatory
- Federal Bureau of Investigation
- International Criminal Court
- Italian Mafia
- Joliet Correctional Center
- KGB
- Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police
- San Quentin
- Sing Sing
- Tucker State Farm
- United States Supreme Court
- Special Populations
- American Indians and Alaska Natives
- Animals in Criminal Justice
- Child Homicide
- Child Maltreatment
- Child Neglect
- Child Physical Abuse
- Child Sexual Abuse
- Child Witness
- Ethnicity and Race
- Homeless Men and Crime
- Homeless Women and Crime
- Infanticide
- Juvenile Court
- Juvenile Crime and War
- Juvenile Justice
- Juvenile Offenders in Adult Courts
- Juvenile Victimization and Offending
- Mentally Ill Offenders
- Military Justice
- Militias
- Missing Children
- Online Victimization of Youth
- Prisoners, Elderly
- School Violence
- Street Youth
- Student Threats
- Women and Crime in a Global Perspective
- Women and Policing
- Women as Offenders
- Women as Victims
- Women in Prison
- Women Who Kill
- Youth, At-Risk
- Youthful Offender
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