SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment

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Animals in Criminal Justice

In: Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment
Edited by: David Levinson
Subject:General Criminology & Criminal Justice, Corrections/Penology (general)
Keywords:animals; animals in criminal justice

Throughout history, animals have participated in the criminal justice system as victims, perpetrators, executioners, evidence, weapons, and crime detectors. While their participation has usually been involuntary, they have participated nonetheless for many centuries. Considerable ...

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  Levinson, D. (2002). Animals in criminal justice. In Encyclopedia of crime and punishment (Vol. 1, pp. 36-37). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950664.n11
  
  Levinson, David. "Animals in Criminal Justice." In Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, edited by Levinson, David, 36-37. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2002. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950664.n11.
  
  Levinson, D. 2002. Animals in Criminal Justice. In: David Levinson Editor, 2002. Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 36-37 Available at: <https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950664.n11> [Accessed 8 Aug 2022].
  
  Levinson, David. "Animals in Criminal Justice." Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment. Edited by Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2002, pp. 36-37. SAGE Knowledge. 8 Aug 2022, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412950664.n11.
  
  Levinson, David (2002). Animals in criminal justice In:Animals in criminal justice Encyclopedia of crime and punishment Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2002:36-37. doi:10.4135/9781412950664.n11
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