SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of Counseling

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Stereotype Threat

By: Jennifer L. Lemkuil
In: Encyclopedia of Counseling
Edited by: Frederick T. L. Leong
Subject:General Counseling & Psychotherapy, Counseling Psychology
Keywords:achievement gap; African Americans; black students; mathematics; stereotype threat; stereotyping; threats

In 1995, Claude M. Steele and Joshua Aronson coined the term stereotype threat. The cornerstone of the phenomenon of stereotype threat is the pressure to not conform to a given expectation of poor performance. This results in an activation of negative ...

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  Lemkuil, J. (2008). Stereotype threat. In F. T. Leong (Ed.), Encyclopedia of counseling (Vol. 1, pp. 1340-1341). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963978.n449
  
  Lemkuil, Jennifer L. "Stereotype Threat." In Encyclopedia of Counseling, edited by Leong, Frederick T. L., 1340-41. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963978.n449.
  
  Lemkuil, J. 2008. Stereotype Threat. In: Frederick T. Leong Editor, 2008. Encyclopedia of Counseling, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 1340-1341 Available at: <http://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963978.n449> [Accessed 18 May 2021].
  
  Lemkuil, Jennifer L. "Stereotype Threat." Encyclopedia of Counseling. Edited by Frederick T. Leong. Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2008, pp. 1340-41. SAGE Knowledge. 18 May 2021, doi: http://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963978.n449.
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