SAGE Reference - Encyclopedia of Counseling

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Racial Microaggressions

By: Madonna G. Constantine & Cristina Dorazio
In: Encyclopedia of Counseling
Edited by: Frederick T. L. Leong
Subject:General Counseling & Psychotherapy, Counseling Psychology
Keywords:clients; color; oppression; people of color; racial microaggressions; racism; unconscious

Racial microaggressions are subtle and commonplace exchanges or indignities (both conscious and unconscious) that somehow convey demeaning messages to people of color. These racial slights can be verbal, behavioral, or even environmental. The exchanges often are ...

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  Constantine, M., & Dorazio, C. (2008). Racial microaggressions. In F. T. Leong (Ed.), Encyclopedia of counseling (Vol. 1, pp. 1291-1291). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963978.n432
  
  Constantine, Madonna G., and Cristina Dorazio. "Racial Microaggressions." In Encyclopedia of Counseling, edited by Leong, Frederick T. L., 1291-1291. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963978.n432.
  
  Constantine, M. and Dorazio, C. 2008. Racial Microaggressions. In: Frederick T. Leong Editor, 2008. Encyclopedia of Counseling, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 1291 Available at: <http://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963978.n432> [Accessed 23 Jun 2021].
  
  Constantine, Madonna G. and Cristina Dorazio. "Racial Microaggressions." Encyclopedia of Counseling. Edited by Frederick T. Leong. Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2008, pp. 1291-1291. SAGE Knowledge. 23 Jun 2021, doi: http://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963978.n432.
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