Encyclopedia of Counseling

Frederick T. L.Leong

doi:10.4135/9781412963978

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Optimism and Pessimism

Edited by:
Frederick T. L. Leong
In:Encyclopedia of Counseling
Chapter DOI:https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963978
Subject:General Counseling & Psychotherapy, Counseling Psychology
Keywords:optimism; optimism and pessimism

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Optimism refers to a hopeful disposition or a general belief that good things will happen, whereas pessimism describes a general expectation that bad things will happen. These constructs have been conceptualized as dispositional traits, as well as cognitive styles, and have ...

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  Leong, F. T. (Ed.) (2008). . (Vols. 1-4). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963978
  
  Leong, Frederick T., ed. Encyclopedia of Counseling. 4 vols. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2008. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963978.
  
  Leong, F. T. ed., 2008. Encyclopedia of Counseling. Vol. 4. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. Available at: <https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963978> [Accessed 30 May 2023].
  
  Leong, Frederick T., editor. Encyclopedia of Counseling. 4 vols. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2008. Sage Knowledge, 30 May 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963978.
  
  Leong, Frederick T.. Encyclopedia of Counseling Vol. 4. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2008. doi:10.4135/9781412963978
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