China

THE CONTEMPORARY history of China has seen the adoption of new economic and social policies to facilitate the switch to a market-based economy and opening China to the outside world. Such policies have brought great changes in every sphere of work. The problem of white-collar and corporate crime is becoming a major public concern since China implemented the economic reform and “open door” policies in the late 1970s and early 1980s. By Chinese definitions, white-collar and corporate crimes, usually called economic crimes, refer[Page 162] to activities by various illegal means in diverse links of the so-called socialist market economy, such as producing and marketing fake or substandard goods, selling smuggled goods, disrupting the order of administration of companies, disrupting the order of financial administration, financial ...