- Entry
- Reader's guide
- Entries A-Z
- Subject index
Online Communities, History of
An online community is a group of people who interact in a virtual environment. They have a purpose, are supported by technology, and are guided by norms and policies. However, authors differ as to the precise definition of online communities because ...
- Activism and Social Transformation
- Activist Communities
- Alinsky, Saul
- Altruism
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Community Organizing and Activism
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Volunteerism
- Appendix 2—Libraries: Community Organizations and Action Groups
- Appendix 2—Libraries: Voting and Elections
- Blockbusting
- Civic Agriculture
- Civic Innovation
- Civic Journalism
- Civil Disobedience
- Collective Action
- Communities of Opposition
- Community Action
- Community Building
- Community Development Corporations
- Community Development in Europe
- Community Empowerment
- Community Garden Movement
- Community Organizing
- Community Studies
- Feminism
- Gay Communities
- Grassroots Leadership
- Healthy Communities
- Interest Groups
- National and Community Service
- Populism
- Pressure Groups
- Public Opinion
- Smart Growth
- Social Movements
- Social Movements Online
- Stakeholder
- Voluntary Associations
- Volunteerism
- Biographies
- Alinsky, Saul
- Aristotle
- Burgess, Ernest Watson
- Calvin, John
- Durkheim, Émile
- Geddes, Patrick
- Goffman, Erving
- Howard, Ebenezer
- Jacobs, Jane
- Le Bon, Gustave
- Lynd, Helen Merrell and Robert Staughton
- Mead, George Herbert
- Morgan, Arthur E.
- Moses, Robert
- Mumford, Lewis
- Olmsted Brothers
- Olmsted, Frederick Law
- Osho
- Owen, Robert
- Park, Robert Ezra
- Redfield, Robert
- Schmalenbach, Herman
- Simmel, Georg
- Stein, Clarence S.
- Tönnies, Ferdinand
- Tocqueville, Alexis de
- Veblen, Thorstein
- Weber, Max
- Whyte, William Hollingsworth
- Wirth, Louis
- Communities, Affinity
- Communities: Case Studies
- Amana
- Amish
- Appalachia
- Arcosanti
- Auroville
- Beguine Communities
- Bruderhof
- Burning Man
- Celebration, Florida
- Chautauqua
- Chernobyl
- Chinatowns
- Columbia, Maryland
- Damanhur
- Emissaries of Divine Light
- Ephrata
- Family, The
- Farm, The
- Findhorn Foundation Community
- Greenwich Village
- Hare Krishnas
- Harlem
- Harmony Society
- Hollywood
- Hutterites
- Jerusalem
- Las Vegas
- Left Bank
- Levittown
- Little Italies
- Lower East Side
- New Harmony
- Oneida
- Puritans
- Quakers
- Radburn, New Jersey
- Riverside Community
- Shakers
- Silicon Valley
- Twin Oaks
- Warsaw Ghetto
- Yamagishi Toyosato
- ZEGG
- Zoar
- Communities, Instrumental
- Activist Communities
- Agoras
- Appendix 2—Libraries: Self-Help and Support Groups
- Asylum
- Boomtowns
- Cattle Towns
- Colleges
- Communities of Opposition
- Communities of Practice
- Community Colleges
- Community Development Corporations
- Community Schools
- Elder Care and Housing
- Gangs
- Ghost Towns
- Homesteading
- Hospices
- Information Communities
- Markets, Street
- Merchant Communities
- Migrant Worker Communities
- Military Communities
- Mill Towns
- Mining Towns
- Prisons
- Public Libraries
- Resource-Dependent Communities
- Schools
- Shopping Centers and Malls
- Student Housing Cooperatives
- Total Institutions
- Twelve Step Groups
- Communities, Intentional
- Amana
- Amish
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Intentional Communities
- Arcosanti
- Ashrams
- Auroville
- Bruderhof
- Cohousing
- Damanhur
- Ecovillages
- Emissaries of Divine Light
- Ephrata
- Family, The
- Farm, The
- Findhorn Community Foundation
- Fourierism
- Hare Krishnas
- Harmony Society
- Hutterites
- Intentional Communities
- Intentional Communities and Children
- Intentional Communities and Communal Economics
- Intentional Communities and Daily Life
- Intentional Communities and Environmental Sustainability
- Intentional Communities and Governance
- Intentional Communities and Mainstream Politics
- Intentional Communities and New Religious Movements
- Intentional Communities and Their Survival
- Intentional Communities in Australia and New Zealand
- Intentional Communities in Eastern Europe and Russia
- Intentional Communities in France
- Intentional Communities in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland
- Intentional Communities in India
- Intentional Communities in Israel—Current Movement
- Intentional Communities in Israel—History
- Intentional Communities in Italy, Spain, and Portugal
- Intentional Communities in Japan
- Intentional Communities in Latin America
- Intentional Communities in Scandinavia and the Low Countries
- Intentional Communities in the United Kingdom and Ireland
- Intentional Communities in the United States and Canada—Current Movement
- Intentional Communities in the United States and Canada—History
- Monastic Communities
- Moravians
- Mormons
- New Harmony
- Oneida
- Osho
- Riverside Community
- Shakers
- Twin Oaks
- Utopia
- Zoar
- Communities, Primordial
- African American Communities
- African Americans in Suburbia
- Amish
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Community Studies
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Race and Ethnicity
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Religion
- Asian American Communities
- Beguine Communities
- Chinatowns
- Congregations, Religious
- Cults
- Cyborg Communities
- Disabled in Communities
- English Parishes
- Faith Communities
- Gangs
- Gay Communities
- Immigrant Communities
- Latino Communities
- Little Italies
- Monastic Communities
- Moravians
- Mormons
- Native American Communities
- Puritans
- Quakers
- Refugee Communities
- Sacred Places
- Scientology
- Shakers
- Shtetls
- Transcendentalism
- Transnational Communities
- Communities, Proximate
- Appalachia
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Community Studies
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Housing and Homelessness
- Chinatowns
- Condominiums
- Edge Cities
- Elder Care and Housing
- Hollywood
- Homelessness
- Little Italies
- Lower East Side
- Mobile Home Communities
- Neighborhoods
- Seasonal Homes
- Shantytowns
- Silicon Valley
- Small Towns
- Villages
- Community Design
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Community Planning and Development
- Arcosanti
- Celebration, Florida
- Cohousing
- Columbia, Maryland
- Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne
- Ecovillages
- Environmental Planning
- Fourierism
- Garden Cities
- Gated Communities
- Gentrification
- Gentrification, Stalled
- Greenbelt Towns
- HOPE VI
- Howard, Ebenezer
- Jacobs, Jane
- Levittown
- Morgan, Arthur E.
- Mumford, Lewis
- Neighborhood Unit Concept
- New Towns
- New Urbanism
- Olmsted Brothers
- Olmsted, Frederick Law
- Owen, Robert
- Radburn, New Jersey
- Regional Planning Association of America
- Siedlung
- Smart Growth
- Sprawl
- Stein, Clarence S.
- Urban Homesteading
- Utopia
- Vernacular Architecture
- Economics
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Community Economics
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Housing and Homelessness
- Appendix 2—Libraries: Business, Economic, and Employment Resources
- Appendix 2—Libraries: Community Health
- Asset-Based Community Development
- Bankruptcy
- Barter
- Black Economy
- Chain Stores
- Collective Consumption
- Community Currencies
- Community Health Systems
- Community Land Trust
- Community Ownership
- Consumer Culture
- Corporate Social Responsibility
- Economic Planning
- Entrepreneurship
- Export-Led Development in Regional Economies
- Food Systems
- Free Rider
- Housing
- Housing, Affordable
- Import-Replacing Development
- Informal Economy
- Labor Markets
- Land Use and Zoning
- Local Manufacturing
- Multiplier
- Nonmonetary Economy
- Plant Closures
- Public Goods
- Regulation
- Resource-Dependent Communities
- Shared Work
- Social Services
- Subsidies
- Sustainable Development
- Tourist Communities
- Tragedy of the Commons
- Transportation, Rural
- Transportation, Urban
- Waste Facility Siting
- Global Studies
- Apartheid
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Global and International
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Race and Ethnicity
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Religion
- Appendix 2—Libraries: Libraries and International Partnerships
- Artists' Colonies
- Ashrams
- Assimilation
- Birth
- Boundaries
- Buddhism
- Christianity
- Cities
- Cities, Medieval
- Civil Disobedience
- Colonialism
- Communism and Socialism
- Communities of Opposition
- Community Currencies
- Community Development in Europe
- Confucianism
- Cultural Ecology
- Culture of Poverty
- Dance and Drill
- Death
- Democracy
- Diasporas
- Displaced Populations
- Ecovillages
- Environmental Justice
- Ethnicity and Ethnic Relations
- Fascism
- Feminism
- Festivals
- Food
- Food Systems
- Gay Communities
- Genocide
- Global Cities
- Globalization and Globalization Theory
- Glocalization
- Hinduism
- Horticultural Societies
- Human Rights
- Immigrant Communities
- Imperialism
- Internet in Developing Countries
- Islam
- Island Communities
- Judaism
- McDonaldization
- Migrant Worker Communities
- Millenarianism
- Multiculturalism
- Music
- Pastoral Societies
- Pilgrimages
- Plantations
- Political Economy
- Race and Racism
- Rebellions and Revolutions
- Refugee Communities
- Regionalism
- Resettlement
- Sikhism
- Social Capital and Economic Development
- Sociolinguistics
- State, The
- Sustainable Development
- Tourist Communities
- Transnational Communities
- Villages
- Waste Facility Siting
- World War II
- Human Development
- Adolescence
- Adolescents and Landscape
- Age Integration
- Age Stratification and the Elderly
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Childhood and Adolescence
- Appendix 2—Libraries: Historical and Genealogical Research
- Appendix 2—Libraries: Literacy
- Birth
- Child Care
- Children
- Community Health Systems
- Community Mental Health Centers
- Community Schools
- Death
- Disabled in Communities
- Elder Care and Housing
- Elderly in Communities
- Family and Work
- Family Violence
- Gender Roles
- Healing
- Home Schooling
- Household Structure
- Human Development
- Initiation Rites
- Liminality
- Marriage
- Peer Groups
- Recreation
- Schools
- Youth Groups
- Internet and Communities
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Internet and Communities
- Appendix 2—Libraries: Community Bulletin Boards
- Avatar Communities
- Blogs
- Citation Communities
- Communications Technologies
- Community Informatics and Development
- Computers and Knowledge Sharing
- Cybercafes
- Cyberdating
- Cybersocieties
- Digital Divide
- Electronic Democracy
- Electronic Government and Civics
- Glocalization
- Information Communities
- Instant Messaging
- Internet in Developing Countries
- Internet in East Asia
- Internet in Europe
- Internet, Domestic Life and
- Internet, Effects of
- Internet, Social Psychology of
- Internet, Survey Research About
- Internet, Teen Use of
- Internet, Time Use and
- Newsgroups and E-Mail Lists
- Online Communities of Learning
- Online Communities, African American
- Online Communities, Communication in
- Online Communities, Computerized Tools for
- Online Communities, Diasporic
- Online Communities, Game-Playing
- Online Communities, History of
- Online Communities, Religious
- Online Communities, Scholarly
- Online Communities, Youth
- Personalization and Technology
- Social Movements Online
- Telecommuting
- Virtual Communities
- Virtual Communities, Building
- Wired Communities
- Politics and Law
- Anarchism
- Apartheid
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Conflict and Justice
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Politics and Government
- Appendix 2—Libraries: Voting and Elections
- Boosterism
- Citizenship
- Civic Structure
- Common Law
- Communism and Socialism
- Communitarianism
- Communities of Opposition
- Community Justice
- Community Policing
- Conflict Resolution
- Conflict Theory
- Crime
- Decentralization
- Democracy
- Deviance
- European Community
- Fascism
- Grassroots Leadership
- Incivilities Thesis
- Interest Groups
- Leadership
- Liberalism
- Libertarianism
- Local Politics
- National and Community Service
- National Community
- Neighborhood Watch
- Organized Crime
- Patriotism
- Polis
- Populism
- Pressure Groups
- Public Opinion
- Regulation
- Social Control
- Social Darwinism
- Social Justice
- Stakeholder
- State, The
- Town Meetings
- Vigilantism
- Processes and Institutions
- Guanxi
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Connection to Place
- Cocooning
- Collective Consumption
- Community Arts
- Community Attachment
- Community Colleges
- Community Indicators
- Community Organizing
- Community Psychology
- Community Satisfaction
- Community, Sense of
- Conformity
- Counterfeit Communities
- Decentralization
- Declining Communities
- Economic Planning
- Enclosure
- Environmental Planning
- Eugenics
- Fourierism
- Gentrification
- Globalization and Globalization Theory
- Glocalization
- Hierarchy of Needs
- Institutionalization
- Luddism
- Mass Society
- McDonaldization
- Millenarianism
- Natural Law
- Organizational Culture
- Place Identity
- Pluralism
- Political Economy
- Residential Mobility
- School Consolidation
- Sectarianism
- Small World Phenomenon
- Social Network Analysis
- Suburbanization
- Sustainable Development
- Systems Theory
- Ties, Weak and Strong
- Urbanism
- Urbanization
- Xenophobia
- Religion
- Amana
- Amish
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Religion
- Arcosanti
- Ashrams
- Auroville
- Beguine Communities
- Bruderhof
- Buddhism
- Calvin, John
- Christianity
- Confucianism
- Congregations, Religious
- Cooperative Parish Ministries
- Cults
- Damanhur
- Emissaries of Divine Light
- Faith Communities
- Hare Krishnas
- Harmony Society
- Hinduism
- Hutterites
- Initiation Rites
- Intentional Communities and New Religious Movements
- Islam
- Jerusalem
- Judaism
- Millenarianism
- Monastic Communities
- Moravians
- Mormons
- Oneida
- Online Communities, Religious
- Pilgrimages
- Puritans
- Quakers
- Religion and Civil Society
- Rituals
- Sacred Places
- Scientology
- Shakers
- Shtetls
- Sikhism
- Zoar
- Rural Life
- Agrarian Communities
- Agrarian Myth
- Agricultural Scale and Community Quality
- Amish
- Appalachia
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Rural Life and Studies
- Cattle Towns
- Civic Agriculture
- Community Land Trust
- Community Supported Agriculture
- Cooperative Extension System
- Cooperative Parish Ministries
- County Fairs
- Ecovillages
- English Parishes
- Ghost Towns
- Homesteading
- Horticultural Societies
- Main Street
- Out-Migration of Youth
- Pastoral Societies
- Ranching Communities
- Rural Community Development
- Rural Poverty and Family Well-Being
- Town and Hinterland Conflicts
- Transportation, Rural
- Watersheds
- Social Capital
- Altruism
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Social Capital
- Citizen Participation and Training
- Civic Agriculture
- Civic Innovation
- Civic Life
- Civil Society
- Collective Efficacy
- Community Development Corporations
- Community Garden Movement
- Community in Disaster
- Good Society
- Network Communities
- Nonprofit Organizations
- Progressive Era
- Religion and Civil Society
- Service Learning
- Social Capital
- Social Capital and Economic Development
- Social Capital and Human Capital
- Social Capital and Media
- Social Capital in the Workplace
- Social Capital, Benefits of
- Social Capital, Downside of
- Social Capital, Impact in Wealthy and Poor Communities
- Social Capital, Trends in
- Social Capital, Types of
- Social Network Analysis
- Ties, Weak and Strong
- Trust
- Voluntary Associations
- Volunteerism
- World War II
- Youth Groups
- Social Life
- Guanxi
- Age Integration
- Age Stratification and the Elderly
- Alienation
- Altruism
- Appendix1—Resource Guides: Social and Public Life
- Bars and Pubs
- Caste
- Charisma
- Civil Society
- Class, Social
- Community Psychology
- Conflict Resolution
- Conformity
- Crowds
- Cybercafes
- Cyberdating
- Dance and Drill
- Elderly in Communities
- Empathy
- Festivals
- Food
- Friendship
- Gated Communities
- Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
- Gender Roles
- Hate
- Healing
- Hierarchy of Needs
- Homelessness
- Household Structure
- Individualism
- Intentional Communities and Daily Life
- Internet, Domestic Life and
- Jealousy
- Kinship
- Loneliness
- Love
- Marriage
- Men's Groups
- Neighborhoods
- Neighboring
- Peer Groups
- Privacy
- Public Aid
- Public Harassment
- Recreation
- Secret Societies
- Small World Phenomenon
- Social Distance
- Social Network Analysis
- Sport
- Street Life
- Theme Parks
- Third Places
- Ties, Weak and Strong
- Town and Gown
- Urban and Suburban Life
- African Americans in Suburbia
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Small Towns and Village Life
- Appendix 1—Resource Guides: Urban and Suburban Studies
- Bedroom Communities
- Blockbusting
- Chinatowns
- Cities
- Cities, Inner
- Cities, Medieval
- Columbia, Maryland
- Community Land Trust
- Edge Cities
- Garden Cities
- Geddes, Patrick
- Gentrification
- Gentrification, Stalled
- Ghettos
- Global Cities
- Greenbelt Towns
- Greenwich Village
- Growth Machine
- Harlem
- Housing
- Jacobs, Jane
- Las Vegas
- Left Bank
- Levittown
- Little Italies
- Lower East Side
- Model Cities
- Mumford, Lewis
- New Towns
- New Urbanism
- Radburn, New Jersey
- Smart Growth
- Sprawl
- Suburbanization
- Suburbia
- Transportation, Urban
- Urban Homesteading
- Urban Renewal
- Urbanism
- Urbanization
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