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Challengers to Incumbents
ANY NON-OPEN SEAT election featuring more than one candidate has a challenger. Simply put, challengers are candidates who attempt to win a position that is occupied by an office-holder seeking to hold on to the position. Challengers are often at a ...
- Ballot Issue Campaigns
- Campaigns, Elections, and the Law
- Abortion
- Advertising, Campaign
- Affirmative Action
- African-American Suffrage
- At-Large Election
- Bell-Shaped Curve
- Campaigns Around the World
- Civil Rights
- Coattail Effect
- Colonialism
- Congressional Elections
- Crime
- Currency
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- Domestic Policy
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- Education
- Eight-Hour Day
- Election Boards
- Election Judges
- Election Laws, Federal Elections
- Election Laws, State and Local Elections
- Election Outcome Forecasting Models
- Election Types
- Election Verification Exit Poll (EVEP)
- Electoral College
- Electoral Triangle
- Electors
- Environment
- Expansionism
- Fairness Doctrine
- Farm Issues in Campaigns
- Federal Election Assistance Commission
- Federal Election Commission
- Federal Elections Bill (Force Bill)
- Feminism
- Fifteenth Amendment
- First Amendment
- Foreign Policy
- Free Trade
- Gay Rights
- General Elections
- Get-Out-the-Vote (GOTV) Drives
- Government Spending
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- High and Low Stimulus Elections
- Homeland Security
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- Independent Voters
- Isolationism
- Jim Crow Laws
- Ku Klux Klan
- Landslides, Election
- Law and Order
- League of Nations
- Limited Government
- Literacy Test
- McCain-Feingold Campaign Finance Reform
- Midterm Elections
- Minimum Wage
- National Debt
- Nineteenth Amendment
- Nonpartisan Election
- Nonvoters
- Panama Canal
- Patriotism
- Period Effect
- Political Districts
- Popular Sovereignty, Doctrine of
- Primaries, State and Local Elections
- Primary Elections
- Protectionism
- Racial Justice
- Realignment
- Reconstruction
- Red States
- Religious Issues in Campaigns
- Rural Vote
- School Integration
- Senior Citizen Issues
- Slavery
- Social Concerns
- Social Security
- Social Security Reform
- Special Election
- Special Interests
- Stalking Horse
- Suffrage
- Taxes
- Technology
- Travel
- Twelfth Amendment
- Twenty-Fourth Amendment
- Twenty-Second Amendment
- Twenty-Sixth Amendment
- Twenty-Third Amendment
- United Nations
- Veterans
- Vietnam
- War and Peace
- War on Terrorism
- Watergate
- Welfare and Poverty
- Winner-Take-All System
- Corruption in American Campaigns and Elections
- Candidate Image
- Challengers to Incumbents
- Cognitive Dissonance
- Corruption and Democratic Elections
- Cross-Pressures, Sociopolitical
- Dealignment
- Demagogues in Political Campaigns
- Divided Government and Electoral Behavior
- Efficacy, Political
- Internet Use in Political Campaigns
- Literacy Test
- Machine Politics and Political Bosses
- Majority Rule
- Military Hero
- Negative Campaigning
- New Hampshire Primary
- Political Alienation
- Political Cynicism
- Presidential Approval Ratings
- Recall
- Electoral Behavior of Various Groups
- African-American Vote
- Age and Voting Behavior
- Arab-American (Muslim) Vote
- Asian-American Vote
- Catholic Vote
- Divided Government and Electoral Behavior
- Farm Vote
- Get-Out-the-Vote (GOTV) Drives
- Hispanic Vote
- Jewish Vote
- Labor Vote
- Marital Status and Voting Behavior
- Military Vote
- Occupation and Voting Behavior
- Political Elites
- Polling and Election Studies Organizations
- Protestant Vote
- Race and Voting Behavior
- Religion and Voting Behavior
- Social Groups and Electoral Behavior
- Local Campaigns and Elections
- Media Role
- Bandwagon Effect
- Candidate Image
- Cross-Pressures, Sociopolitical
- Dealignment
- Determinant of Vote Choice
- Early Voting
- Favorite Son Candidate
- Gatekeeping
- Get-Out-the-Vote (GOTV) Drives
- Horse Race, Media Coverage of
- Internet Use in Political Campaigns
- Issue Coverage by the Media
- Local Media Coverage of Campaigns
- Media Polls
- Media, Control by Campaign Organizations
- Media, Role in Campaigns
- Pack Journalism
- Political Cartoons
- Political Culture
- Political Cynicism
- Political Editorials
- Political Ephemera
- Political Socialization
- Technology
- People
- Anderson, John
- Bryan, William Jennings
- Crossley, Archibald
- Curley, James Michael
- Daley, Richard J.
- Debs, Eugene
- Field, Mervin
- Gallup, George
- Hall, Gus
- Hanna, Marcus
- Harris, Lou
- LaFollette, Robert M.
- Long, Huey P.
- Mitofsky, Warren
- Nader, Ralph
- Pendergast, Tom
- Perot, Ross
- Plunkett, George Washington
- Roper, Elmo
- Thurmond, J. Strom
- Tweed, William
- Wallace, George C.
- Wallace, Henry A.
- Zogby, John
- Political Parties and Interest Groups
- American Communist Party
- American Independent Party
- American Party
- Anti-Federalists
- Anti-Masonic Party
- Bull Moose Party
- Competitive Seats
- Conservatism
- Constitutional Union Party
- Conventions, National Nominating Party
- Democratic National Committee
- Democratic Party
- Democratic State Party Organizations
- Democratic-Republican Party
- Direct Democracy
- Efficacy, Political
- Electoral Behavior
- Federalist Party
- Fifteenth Amendment
- First Amendment
- Focus Groups
- Get-Out-the-Vote (GOTV) Drives
- Green Party
- Greenback-Labor Party
- Interest in Politics
- Know-Nothing Party
- Liberal Republican Party
- Liberalism
- Libertarian Party
- Liberty Party
- Multiparty System
- National Labor Reform Party
- National Republican Party
- Northern Democrats
- Participatory Democracy
- Partisanship
- Party Image
- Party Platforms
- Patronage System
- People's Party
- Pluralist Politics
- Political Action Committees
- Political Clubs
- Political Culture
- Political Elites
- Political Parties in American Elections
- Populists and Populist Movements
- Presidential Campaign Party Caucuses
- Progressive Party
- Prohibitionist Party
- Reform Party
- Religious Issues in Campaigns
- Representative Democracy
- Representative Role Types
- Republican National Committee
- Republican National Party Finance Committees
- Republican Party
- Republican State Party Organizations
- Right-Wing Candidates
- Safe Seats
- Socialist Party
- Social-Labor Party
- Southern Democratic Party
- State Campaign Committees
- States' Rights Party (Dixiecrats)
- Tammany Hall
- Third Parties
- Two-Party System
- Whig Party
- Political Theory and Democratic Elections
- Anti-Communism
- Corruption and Democratic Elections
- Democratic “Rules of the Game”
- Democratic National Committee
- Democratic National Party Finance Committees
- Democratic Party
- Democratic State Party Organizations
- Democratic-Republican Party
- Direct Democracy
- Fairness Doctrine
- Free Soil Party
- Issue Evasion
- Issue Framing
- Issue Ownership Theory
- Left-Wing Candidates
- Liberalism
- Machine Politics and Political Bosses
- Majority Rule
- Mandate
- Participatory Democracy
- Pluralist Politics
- Political Base
- Political Climate
- Political Culture
- Political Cynicism
- Political Ephemera
- Political Legitimacy and Democracy
- Political Socialization
- Political Theorists
- Polls and Public Opinion
- Bandwagon Effect
- Candidate Image
- Caucuses
- Challengers to Incumbents
- Coattail Effect
- Cognitive Dissonance
- Cross-Pressures, Sociopolitical
- Dark Horse Candidate
- Dealignment
- Determinants of Vote Choice
- Early Voting
- Efficacy, Political
- Electoral Behavior
- Exit Poll
- Favorite Son/Daughter
- First-Time Voters
- Get-Out-the-Vote (GOTV) Drives
- Incumbent
- Independent Voters
- Internet Polls
- Life-Cycle Effect
- Media Polls
- Nonvoters
- Plurality Vote
- Political Ideology and Voting
- Poll Tax
- Polling
- Polling and Election Studies Organizations
- Polling Place
- Polls, Pre-Election
- Presidential Approval Ratings
- Protest Voting
- Push Polls
- Rational Voter Model
- Recall
- Red States
- Retrospective Voting
- Rural Vote
- Single-Issue Voting
- Split Ticket Voting
- Straight Ticket Voting
- Suburban Vote
- Suffrage
- Undecided Voters
- Urban Vote
- Vote by Mail
- Voter Alienation
- Voter Apathy
- Voter Disenfranchisement
- Voter Expectations
- Voter Knowledge/Ignorance
- Voter Qualifications
- Voter Registration
- Voter Self-Interest
- Voter Turnout
- Voting
- Voting by Regions
- Voting Methods
- Voting Rights Act of 1965
- Voting, Incentives for
- Voting, Obstacles to
- Presidential Campaigns and Elections
- Campaign Finance, Federal Elections
- Campaigns, Presidential
- Court Cases, Federal Elections
- Elections Laws, Federal Elections
- Federal Election Assistance Commission
- Federal Election Commission
- Federal Elections Bill (Force Bill)
- Nomination Process, Presidential
- Presidential Approval Ratings
- Presidential Campaign Party Caucuses
- Presidential Debates
- Presidential Election of 1789
- Presidential Election of 1792
- Presidential Election of 1796
- Presidential Election of 1800
- Presidential Election of 1804
- Presidential Election of 1808
- Presidential Election of 1812
- Presidential Election of 1816
- Presidential Election of 1820
- Presidential Election of 1824
- Presidential Election of 1828
- Presidential Election of 1832
- Presidential Election of 1836
- Presidential Election of 1840
- Presidential Election of 1844
- Presidential Election of 1848
- Presidential Election of 1852
- Presidential Election of 1856
- Presidential Election of 1860
- Presidential Election of 1864
- Presidential Election of 1868
- Presidential Election of 1872
- Presidential Election of 1876
- Presidential Election of 1880
- Presidential Election of 1884
- Presidential Election of 1888
- Presidential Election of 1892
- Presidential Election of 1896
- Presidential Election of 1900
- Presidential Election of 1904
- Presidential Election of 1908
- Presidential Election of 1912
- Presidential Election of 1916
- Presidential Election of 1920
- Presidential Election of 1924
- Presidential Election of 1928
- Presidential Election of 1932
- Presidential Election of 1936
- Presidential Election of 1940
- Presidential Election of 1944
- Presidential Election of 1948
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- Presidential Election of 1956
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- Presidential Election of 1964
- Presidential Election of 1968
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- Presidential Election of 1976
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- Presidential Election of 1984
- Presidential Election of 1988
- Presidential Election of 1992
- Presidential Election of 1996
- Presidential Election of 2000
- Presidential Election of 2004
- Presidential Election of 2008
- Presidential Elections
- Presidential Primaries
- Scandals, Presidential Elections
- Reforming Campaigns and Elections
- Running Political Campaigns: Management, Organization, and Strategies
- Agenda Setting
- Balanced Ticket
- Bell-Shaped Curve
- Campaign Exploratory Committees
- Campaign Finance, Federal Elections
- Campaign Finance, Politics of
- Campaign Manager
- Campaign Reforms
- Campaign Spending
- Campaign Strategies
- Campaigns Around the World
- Candidate Image
- Canvassing Voters in Campaigns
- Caucuses
- Centrist Candidates
- Civil War and Realignment
- Dark Horse Candidate
- Delegates, Convention
- Demagogues in Political Campaigns
- Efficacy, Political
- Endorsements in Campaigns
- Fairness Doctrine
- Favorite Son Candidate
- Focus Groups
- Functional Theory of Political Campaign Discourse
- Fundraising, Federal Campaigns
- Fundraising, State Campaigns
- Generation Effect
- Get-Out-the-Vote (GOTV) Drives
- Great Depression and Realignment
- Internet Use in Political Campaigns
- Issue Evasion
- Issue Framing
- Left Wing Candidates
- Military Hero
- Pluralist Politics
- Political Base
- Political Cartoons
- Political Ephemera
- Proportional Representation
- Public Funding of Campaigns
- Red States
- Representative Role Types
- Rose Garden Strategy
- Special Interests
- Stalking Horse
- Targeting Strategies
- Veterans
- Social and Psychological Dynamics of Electoral Behavior
- African-American Vote
- Age and Voting Behavior
- Arab-American (Muslim) Vote
- Asian-American Vote
- Catholic Vote
- Conservatism
- Cross-Pressures, Sociopolitical
- Dealignment
- Determinants of Vote Choice
- Divided Government and Electoral Behavior
- Early Voting
- Educational Level and Voting Behavior
- Electoral Behavior
- Favorite Son Candidate
- Gender and Voting Behavior
- Gender Gap
- Hispanic Vote
- Income and Voting Behavior
- Issue Salience and Voting Behavior
- Jewish Vote
- Labor Vote
- Marital Status and Voting Behavior
- Military Vote
- Occupation and Voting Behavior
- Political Alienation
- Political Culture
- Political Cynicism
- Political Elites
- Political Ideology and Voting
- Political Socialization
- Polling and Election Studies Organizations
- Protestant Vote
- Psychological Reasons for Voting and Nonvoting
- Race and Voting Behavior
- Religion and Voting Behavior
- Social Groups and Electoral Behavior
- Travel
- Trust in Government
- Voter Self-Interest
- State and Congressional Campaigns and Elections
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- Battleground States
- Bellwether States
- Blue States
- California
- Campaigns, State
- Colorado
- Congressional Elections
- Connecticut
- Court Cases, State and Local Elections
- Delaware
- Democratic State Party Organizations
- District of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Iowa Caucus
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Hampshire Primary
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Red States
- Rhode Island
- Scandals, State and Local Elections
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
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