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Spencer, Herbert (1820–1903)
Herbert Spencer, a British social philosopher and sociologist, was a widely recognized visionary and the founder of the theory of sociocultural evolution, and he had a major influence on Charles Darwin and his theory of biological evolution.
Born in Derby, England in ...
- Applied Anthropology
- Action anthropology
- Aesthetic appreciation
- Affirmative action
- ALFRED: The ALlele FREquency Database
- Anthropology and business
- Anthropology and the Third World
- Anthropology, careeers in
- Anthropology, clinical
- Anthropology, economic
- Anthropology, history of
- Anthropology, practicing
- Anthropology, social
- Anthropology, visual
- Artificial intelligence
- Bioethics and anthropology
- Bioinformatics
- Biomedicine
- Biometrics
- Carbon-14 dating
- Counseling
- Dating techniques
- Dating techniques, radiometric
- Dating techniques, ralative
- Demography
- Dendrochronology
- Dispute resolution
- DNA testing
- Ecology and anthropology
- Ecology, human behavioral
- Economics and anthropology
- Environmental ethics
- Ethics and anthropology
- Ethnoecology
- Ethnomedicine
- Ethnopharmacology
- Ethnopsychiatry
- Ethnoscience
- Ethnosemantics
- Field methods
- Forensic anthropology
- Forensic artists
- Geomagnetism
- Health care, alternative
- Human rights and anthropology
- Human rights in the global society
- Intercultural education
- Irrigation
- Justice and anthropology
- Law and anthropology
- Law and society
- Medical genetics
- Multiculturalism
- Museums
- Native studies
- New dating techniques
- Paleomagnetism
- Political anthropology
- Political economy
- Potassium-Argon dating
- Rights of indigenous peoples today
- Tutankhamun and Zahi Hawass
- Twin studies
- United Nations and anthropology
- Uranium-Lead dating
- Urban anthropology
- Urban ecology
- Women's studies
- Y-STR DNA
- Zoos
- Archaeology
- Abu Simbel
- Acheulean culture
- Acropolis
- Altamira cave
- Angkor Wat
- Anthropology, history of
- Archaeology
- Archaeology and gender studies
- Archaeology, biblical
- Archaeology, environmental
- Archaeology, maritime
- Archaeology, medieval
- Archaeology, salvage
- Architectural anthropology
- Atapuerca
- Aurignacian culture
- Axes, hand
- Aztec agriculture
- Babylon
- Binford, Lewis Roberts
- Bingham, Hiram
- Blombos cave
- Boucher de Perthes, Jacques
- Braidwood, Robert John
- Breuil, Henri
- Burial mounds
- Carter, Howard
- Cave art
- Celtic Europe
- Chichen Itza
- City, history of
- Clovis culture
- Coliseum
- Copper age
- Crete, ancient
- Egypt, ancient
- Egyptology
- Eoliths
- Excavation
- Fa Hien cave
- Fagan, Brian M.
- Fayoum culture
- Folsom culture
- Ghost towns
- Graves
- Great Wall of China
- Harappa
- Historicism
- Indus civilization
- Iron age
- Jarmo
- Koba
- Lascaux cave
- Lazaret cave
- Leakey, Mary D.
- Levalloisian tradition
- Llano culture
- Machu Picchu
- Mayas
- Mesolithic cultures
- Mesopotamian civilization
- Metallurgy
- Middens
- Modjokerto
- Mohenjo Daro
- Monte Verde
- Mummies and mummification
- Museums
- National Museum of Anthropology
- Natufian culture
- Nazca culture
- Neandertal burials
- Neandertal evidence
- Neandertal sites
- Neolithic cultures
- Ochre
- Ohio Hopewell
- Oldowan culture
- Olduvai Gorge
- Olmecs
- Orce
- Petra
- Petroglyphs
- Pictographs
- Pottery and ceramics
- Prehistory
- Pu'uhonua o Honaunau
- Pyramids
- Ramses II
- Rapa Nui
- Rock art
- Rome, ancient
- Sahara anthropology
- Sangiran
- Shanidar cave
- Stonehenge
- Sumerian civilization
- Taj Mahal
- Technology
- Temples
- Tenoctitlan
- Terra Amata
- Tikal
- Tiwanaku [Tiahuanaco]
- Tools and evolution
- Troy
- Tutankhamun and Zahi Hawass
- Ubirr
- Ur
- Urbanism in ancient Egypt
- Uxmal
- Venus of Willendorf
- Vikings
- War, archaeology of
- Zafarraya cave
- Ziggurats
- Zooarchaeology
- Biography
- Aquinas, Thomas
- Ardrey, Robert
- Aristotle
- Arsuaga, J. L.
- Auel, Jean Marie
- Bakhtin, Mikhail
- Bass, William
- Bates, Daniel G.
- Becker, Gary S.
- Benedict, Ruth
- Bergson, Henri
- Bermudez de Castro, J. M.
- Binford, Lewis Roberts
- Bingham, Hiram
- Black, Davidson
- Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich
- Boas, Franz
- Boucher de Perthes, Jacques
- Bourdieu, Pierre
- Brace, C. Loring
- Braidwood, Robert John
- Breuil, Henri
- Briggs, Jean L.
- Bruno, Giordano
- Buber, Martin
- Buechel, Eugene
- Bunzel, Ruth
- Carpenter, C. R.
- Carson, Rachel
- Carter, Howard
- Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca
- Cazden, Courtney B.
- Chagnon, Napolean
- Champollion, Jean-François
- Childe, Vere Gordon
- Chomsky, Noam
- Comte, Auguste
- Condorcet, Marquis de
- Coon, Carleton S.
- Cousteau, Jacques Yves
- Croizat, Leon C.
- Danilevsky, Nikolaj Jakovlevich
- Darrow, Clarence
- Dart, Ramond A.
- Darwin, Charles
- Dawkins, Richard
- de Angulo, Jaime
- de Waal, Frans B. M.
- Deleuze, Gilles
- Deloria, Ella Cara
- Dennett, Daniel C.
- Derrida, Jacques
- DeVore, Irven
- Dewey, John
- Diamond, Jared
- Douglas, Mary
- Dubois, Eugene
- Durkheim, David Émile
- Eliade, Mircea
- Empedocles
- Engelbrecht, William Ernst
- Engels, Friedrich
- Evans-Pritchard, Edward E.
- Fagan, Brian M.
- Farber, Marvin
- Feuerbach, Ludwig
- Firth, Raymond
- Fortes, Meyer
- Fossey, Dian
- Foucault, Michel
- Frazer, Sir James
- Freeman, Derek
- Freud, Sigmund
- Fried, Morton H.
- Fromm, Erich
- Galdikas, Biruté Mary F.
- Galton, Francis
- Gandhi, Mahatma
- Geertz, Clifford R.
- Gluckman, Max
- Goodall, Jane
- Goode, William Josiah
- Gosse, Philip
- Gramsci, Antonio
- Greenberg, Joseph
- Gutenberg, Johannes
- Haddon, A. C.
- Haeckel, Ernst
- Harlow, Harry F.
- Harris, Marvin
- Harrisson, Barbara
- Heath, Shirley Bryce
- Hegel, G. W. F.
- Heidegger, Martin
- Heraclitus
- Herskovits, Melville
- Heyerdahl, Thor
- Hobbes, Thomas
- Hoebel, E. Adamson
- Howell, F. Clark
- Hrdlicka, Ales
- Hume, David
- Huntington, Samuel P.
- Johanson, Donald C.
- Jones, William
- Kant, Immanuel
- Kardiner, Abram
- Keith, Sir Arthur
- Kettlewell, H.B.D.
- King, Dr. Martin Luther, Jr.
- Kluckhohn, Clyde K. M.
- Kohler, Wolfgang
- Kovalevskii, Aleksandr O.
- Kovalevskii, Vladimir O.
- Kroeber, Alfred Louis
- Kropotkin, Prince Peter A.
- Lévi-Strauss, Claude
- Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien
- LaBarre, Weston
- Lafitau, Joseph-Francois
- Leakey, Louis S. B.
- Leakey, Mary D.
- Leakey, Meave Epps
- Leakey, Richard E. F.
- Lenin, Vladimir I. U.
- Leonardo da Vinci
- Levinas, Emmanuel
- Libby, Willard
- Linnaeus, Carolus
- Linton, Ralph
- Lorenz, Konrad
- Lovejoy, C. Owen
- Lucretius
- Lyell, Sir Charles
- Maine, Henry Sumner
- Malinowski, Bronislaw
- Malthus, Thomas
- Manheim, Mary Huffman
- Mann, Thomas
- Marett, Robert Ranulph
- Marx, Karl
- Mauss, Marcel
- McCown, Theodore D.
- McLuhan, Marshall
- Mead, Margaret
- Mehan, Hugh
- Mintz, Sidney Wilfred
- Montagu, Ashley
- Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de
- Morgan, Elaine
- Morgan, Lewis Henry
- Morris, Desmond
- Muller, Friedrich Maximillian
- Murdock, George Peter
- Napier, J. R.
- Naroll, Raoul
- Nash, June C.
- Nietzsche, Friedrich
- Oakley, Kenneth Page
- Ogbu, John
- Oparin, A. I.
- Orwell, George
- Park, Robert Ezra
- Pascal, Blaise
- Patterson, Francine G.
- Pike, Kenneth L.
- Pinker, Steven
- Popper, Karl
- Radcliffe-Brown, A. R.
- Radin, Paul
- Ramses II
- Rappaport, Roy
- Redfield, Robert
- Reichard, Gladys
- Rivers, W.H.R.
- Robbins, Richard H.
- Rowe, John Howland
- Rumbaugh, D. M.
- Russell, Dale Allen
- Sagan, Carl
- Sahlins, Marshall D.
- Sapir, Edward
- Saussure, Ferdinand de
- Savage-Rumbaugh, Susan
- Schaller, George B.
- Schliemann, Heinrich
- Schmidt, Wilhelm
- Schneider, David
- Schwartz, Jeffrey H.
- Scopes, John
- Service, Elman R.
- Simpson, George Gaylord
- Smith, Grafton Elliot
- Smith, William
- Smuts, Barbara B.
- Spencer, Herbert
- Spengler, Oswald
- Steward, Julian H.
- Strum, Shirley C.
- Sumner, William Graham
- Tattersall, Ian
- Tax, Sol
- Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre
- Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall
- Toynbee, Arnold Joseph
- Turnbull, Colin M.
- Turner, Edith
- Tylor, Edward Burnett
- Unamuno, Miguel de
- Vayda, Andrew
- Vernadsky, Vladimir Ivanovich
- Verne, Jules
- Virchow, Rudolf Lothar
- von Goethe, Johann Wolfgang
- von Humboldt, Alexander
- Voros, Gyozo
- Vygotsky, Lev Semenovich
- Wagner, Richard
- Wallace, Alfred Russel
- Wallace, Anthony F. C.
- Wallerstein, Immanuel
- Washburn, Sherwood L.
- Wegener, Alfred
- Weidenrich, Franz
- Wells, H. G.
- White, Leslie A.
- White, Timothy
- Whitehead, Alfred North
- Whorf, Benjamin Lee
- Williams, Raymond
- Wilson, Edward O.
- Wissler, Clark
- Wolf, Eric Robert
- Xenophanes
- Yerkes, Robert M.
- Cultural/Social Anthropology
- Aborigines
- Adaptation, cultural
- Agricultural revolution
- Agriculture, intensive
- Agriculture, slash-and-burn
- Aleuts
- Algonguians
- Altamira cave
- Anasazi
- Anthropology, cultural
- Anthropology, history of
- Aotearoa (New Zealand)
- Ape culture
- Argentina
- Asante
- Asia
- Athabascan
- Australia
- Australian aborigines
- Aymara
- Balkans
- Baluchistan
- Benedict, Ruth
- Berdache
- Boas, Franz
- Brazil
- Bride price
- Cannibalism
- Caribs
- Caste system
- Celtic Europe
- Chachapoya Indians
- Chants
- Childhood
- Childhood studies
- Clans
- Collectors
- Configurationism
- Copper Age
- Cross-cultural research
- Cuba
- Cultivatiion, plant
- Cults
- Cultural conservation
- Cultural constraints
- Cultural convergence
- Cultural ecology
- Cultural relativism
- Cultural traits
- Cultural tree of life
- Culture
- Culture and personality
- Culture area concept
- Culture change
- Culture of poverty
- Culture shock
- Culture, characteristics of
- Cyberculture
- Darkness in El Dorado controversy
- Diffusionism
- Dowry
- El Ceren
- Elders
- Emics
- Endogamy
- Eskimo acculturation
- Eskimos
- Ethnocentrism
- Ethnographer
- Ethnographic writing
- Ethnography
- Ethnohistory
- Ethnology
- Etics
- Eudyspluria
- Evans-Pritchard, Edward E.
- Exogamy
- Family, extended
- Family, forms of
- Family, nuclear
- Feasts and Festivals
- Feuding
- Fieldwork, ethnographic
- Fiji
- Firth, Raymond
- Folk culture
- Folk speech
- Folkways
- Frazer, Sir James
- Freeman, Derek
- French structuralism
- Functionalism
- Gangs
- Geertz, Clifford R.
- Genocide
- Gerontology
- Globalization
- Great Wall of China
- Guarani Nandeva Indians
- Gypsies
- Haidas
- Haiti
- Harris, Marvin
- Hinduism
- Homosexuality
- Hopi Indians
- Horticulture
- Hottentots
- Huari [Wari]
- Human competition and stress
- Ik
- Indonesia
- Informants
- Inoku Village
- Intelligence
- Inuit
- IQ tests
- Iron Age
- Iroquoian Nations, Northern
- Iroquois
- Irrigation
- Israel
- Jewelry
- Jews
- Kibbutz
- Kinship and descent
- Kinship terminology
- Kluckhohn, Clyde K. M.
- Koba
- Kroeber, Alfred Louis
- Kula ring
- Kulturkreise
- Kung Bushmen
- Kwakiutls
- LaBarre, Weston
- Labor
- Labor, division of
- Lafitau, Joseph-François
- Language and culture
- Lapps
- Lascaux cave
- Life cycle, human
- Lineage systems, segmentary
- Māori
- Maasai
- Malinowski, Bronislaw
- Mana
- Manioc beer
- Marquesas
- Marriage
- Matriarchy
- Mbuti Pygmies
- Mead, Margaret
- Memes
- Mexico
- Miami Indians
- Migrations
- Modal personality
- Mongolia
- Monogamy
- Mores
- Morgan, Lewis Henry
- Multiculturalism
- Mundugamor
- Music
- Native Peoples of Central and South America
- Native Peoples of the Great Plains
- Native Peoples of the United States
- Navajo
- Nomads
- Objectivity in ethnography
- Ojibwa
- Oldowan culture
- Olmecs
- Omaha Indians
- Onas
- Oral literature
- Orality and anthropology
- Ornamentation
- Pacific rim
- Pacific seafaring
- Panama
- Patriarchy
- Peasants
- People's Republic of China and Taiwan
- Peyote rituals
- Political organizations
- Political science
- Polyandry
- Polygamy
- Polygyny
- Polynesians
- Population explosion
- Potlatch
- Psychiatry, transcultural
- Qing, the Last Dynasty of China
- Quechua
- Radcliffe-Brown, A.R.
- Rank and status
- Rarotonga
- Redfield, Robert
- Rites of passage
- Role and status
- Sambungmachan
- Samburu
- Samoa
- San Bushmen
- Sardinia
- Sartono
- Sex identity
- Sex roles
- Sexual harassment
- Sexuality
- Siberia
- Simulacra
- Slavery
- Social structures
- Societies, class
- Societies, complex
- Societies, egalitarian
- Societies, rank
- Societies, secret
- Sociobiology
- Speech, folk
- Stereotypes
- Steward, Julian H.
- Structuralism
- Subcultures
- Sudanese society
- Symboling
- Tahiti
- Taj Mahal
- Tasmania
- Tax, Sol
- Technology
- Textiles and clothing
- Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall
- Tierra del Fuego
- Tikopia
- Tlingit
- Tlingit culture
- Tonga
- Travel
- Tswana Bantu
- Turnbull, Colin M.
- Tylor, Edward Burnett
- Ubirr
- Untouchables
- Urban legends
- Vanishing cultures
- Venezuela
- Venus of Willendorf
- Verification in ethnography
- Villages
- War, anthropology of
- White, Leslie A.
- Work and skills
- Yabarana Indians
- Yaganes
- Yanomamo
- Zande
- Zapotecs
- Zulu
- Zuni Indians
- Evolution
- Adaptation, biological
- Ape biogeography
- Aquatic ape hypothesis
- Arboreal hypothesis
- Ardrey, Robert
- Australopithecines
- Biological anthropology
- Biological anthropology and neo-Darwinism
- Black, Davidson
- Brain, evolution of primate
- Catastrophism
- Cladistics
- Creationism versus geology
- Darrow, Clarence
- Dart, Raymond A.
- Darwin and Germany
- Darwin and India
- Darwin and Italy
- Darwin, Charles
- Darwinism versus Lamarckism
- Darwinism, modern
- Darwinism, social
- Dawkins, Richard
- Dennett, Daniel C.
- Diamond, Jared
- Dinosaurian hominid
- Dropithecus
- Dubois, Eugene
- Evolution education controversy
- Evolution, arc of
- Evolution, disbelief in
- Evolution, human
- Evolution, models of
- Evolution, molecular
- Evolution, organic
- Evolutionary anthropology
- Evolutionary epistemology
- Evolutionary ethics
- Evolutionary ontology
- Evolutionary psychology
- Extinction
- Fossil record
- Fossils
- Galapagos Islands
- Genetics, human
- Gigantopithecus
- Haeckel, Ernst
- Harris, Marvin
- Hominid taxonomy
- Hominization, issues in
- Hominoids
- Homo antecessor
- Homo erectus
- Homo ergaster
- Homo habilis
- Homo sapiens
- Howell, F. Clark
- Hrdlicka, Ales
- Human canopy evolution
- Humans and dinosaurs
- India and evolution
- Integrity, dynamic
- Johanson, Donald C.
- Kenyanthropus platyops
- Kenyapithecus wickeri
- Leakey, Louis S. B.
- Leakey, Mary D.
- Leakey, Meave Epps
- Leakey, Richard E. F.
- Life, origin of
- Lovejoy, C. Owen
- Lucy reconstruction models
- Mass extinctions
- Meganthropus
- Monkey Trial [1925]
- Monogenesis versus polygenesis
- Morgan, Elaine
- Morgan, Lewis Henry
- Morphology versus molecules in evolution
- Morris, Desmond
- Napier, J. R.
- Narmada man
- Neandertal evidence
- Neandertals
- Neo-Darwinism
- Neo-Darwinism, origin of
- Non-Darwinian evolutionary mechanisms
- Olduvai Gorge
- Oparin, A. I.
- Orangutan-human evolution
- Oreopithecus
- Primate extinction
- Primate morphology and evolution
- Russel, Dale Allen
- Russia and evolution
- Sahelanthropus tchadensis
- Schwartz, Jeffrey H.
- Scopes, John
- Selection, natural
- Sexual selection
- Spencer, Herbert
- State Darwin Museum, Moscow, Russia
- Tattersall, Ian
- Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre
- Theories
- Tylor, Edward Burnett
- Uniformitarianism
- Vernadsky, Vladimir Ivanovich
- Wallace, Alfred Russel
- Weidenrich, Franz
- White, Leslie A.
- White, Timothy
- Zinjanthropus boisei
- Geography/Geology
- Acheulean culture
- Acropolis
- Altamira cave
- Amazonia
- Aotearoa (New Zealand)
- Ape biogeography
- Arctic
- Argentina
- Asia
- Australia
- Axes, hand
- Biogeography
- Brazil
- Carbon-14 dating
- Catastrophism
- Cave art
- Clovis culture
- Continental drift
- Cuba
- Darwin, Charles
- Dating techniques
- Dating techniques, radiometric
- Dating techniques, relative
- Eoliths
- Fa Hien cave
- Fiji
- Folsom culture
- Galapagos Islands
- Geologic column
- Geology
- Geomagnetism
- Graves
- Haiti
- Heyerdahl, Thor
- Israel
- Lascaux cave
- Leonardo da Vinci
- Levalloisian tradition
- Lyell, Charles
- Machu Picchu
- Marquesas
- Mexico
- Mongolia
- Nazca culture
- New dating techniques
- Ochre
- Oldowan culture
- Olduvai Gorge
- Pacific rim
- Paleomagnetism
- Paleontology
- Paluxy footprints
- Peru
- Petra
- Petroglyphs
- Pictographs
- Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
- Potassium-Argon dating
- Rapa Nui
- Rock art
- Samoa
- Sardinia
- Siberia
- Siwalik Hills
- Smith, William
- Stonehenge
- Stratigraphy
- Tierra del Fuego
- Uniformitarianism
- Uranium-Lead dating
- Venezuela
- Wegener, Alfred
- Linguistics
- Anatomy and physiology of speech
- Anthropology, history of
- Ape communication
- Ape intelligence
- Ape language
- Artificial intelligence
- Champollion, Jean-François
- Chants
- Chomsky, Noam
- Cognitive science
- Computer languages
- Computers and humankind
- Counseling
- Culture
- Ethnographic writing
- Ethnosemantics
- Folk speech
- Generative grammar
- Global language
- Glottochronology
- Intelligence
- Kanzi
- Kinship terminology
- Koko (lowland gorilla)
- Lévi-Strauss, Claude
- Language
- Language and biology
- Language and culture
- Language use, sociology of
- Language, animal
- Language, classification of
- Language, origin of
- Language, types of
- Linguistic reconstruction
- Linguistics, historical
- Lingusitics, transformational
- Memes
- Myths and mythology
- Oral literature
- Orality and anthropology
- Paralanguage
- Paralinguistic communication
- Patterson, Francine G.
- Phonetics
- Phonology
- Protolanguage
- Sapir, Edward
- Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
- Semantics, ethnographic
- Sociolinguistics
- Speech, folk
- Swahili
- Symboling
- Universals in culture
- Universals in language
- Vanishing languages
- Washoe
- Whorf, Benjamin Lee
- Paleontology
- Apes, fossil
- Atapuerca
- Australopithecines
- Black, Davidson
- Coon, Carleton S.
- Dart, Raymond A.
- Dryopithecus
- Dubois, Eugene
- Evolution, human
- Fa Hien cave
- Fossil record
- Fossils
- Gigantopithecus
- Graves
- Hominid taxonomy
- Hominization, issues in
- Hominoids
- Homo antecessor
- Homo erectus
- Homo ergaster
- Homo habilis
- Homo sapiens
- Howell, F. Clark
- Hrdlicka, Ales
- Human paleontology
- Humans and dinosaurs
- Java man
- Johanson, Donald C.
- Kennewick man
- Kenyanthropus platyops
- Kenyapithecus wickeri
- Lazaret cave
- Leakey, Louis S. B.
- Leakey, Mary D.
- Leakey, Meave Epps
- Leakey, Richard E. F.
- Leonardo da Vinci
- Lucy reconstruction models
- Meganthropus
- Mungo lady/man
- Napier, J. R.
- Neandertal burials
- Neandertal evidence
- Neandertal sites
- Neandertals
- Olduvai Gorge
- Oreopithecus
- Paleoanthropology
- Paleoecology
- Paleontology
- Palynology
- Sahelanthropus tchadensis
- Schwartz, Jeffrey H.
- Shanidar cave
- Siwalik Hills
- Taphonomy
- Tattersall, Ian
- Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre
- Weidenrich, Franz
- Xenophanes
- Zafarraya cave
- Zinjanthropus boisei
- Zooarchaeology
- Philosophy
- Altruism
- Anthropology, philosophical
- Bergson, Henri
- Bruno, Giordano
- Buber, Martin
- Categorical imperative
- Comte, Auguste
- Condorcet, Marguis de
- Critical realism
- Deleuze, Gilles
- Dennett, Daniel C.
- Derrida, Jacques
- Dewey, John
- Empedocles
- Engels, Friedrich
- Enlightenment versus postmodernism
- Enlightenment, age of
- Entelechy
- Environmental ethics
- Environmental philosophy
- Essentialism
- Ethics and anthropology
- Evolutionary epistemology
- Evolutionary ethics
- Evolutionary ontology
- Feuerbach, Ludwig
- Fromm, Erich
- Hegel, G. W. F.
- Heidegger, Martin
- Heraclitus
- Hermeneutics
- Hobbes, Thomas
- Human dignity
- Human excellence
- Humanism, secular
- India, philosophies of
- Integrity, dynamic
- Kant, Immanuel
- Kropotkin, Prince Peter A.
- Lucretius
- Marx, Karl
- Marxism
- Naturalism
- Neo-Marxism
- Nietzsche, Friedrich
- Pantheism
- Philosophy, dynamic
- Popper, Karl
- Positivism
- Postmodernism
- Pragmatism
- Science, philosophy of
- Spencer, Herbert
- Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre
- Teleology
- Theories
- Time
- Unamuno, Miguel de
- Vernadsky, Vladimir Ivanovich
- Whitehead, Alfred North
- Xenophanes
- Psychology
- Aggression
- Alienation
- Altruism
- Ape agression
- Ape cognition
- Ape communication
- Ape intelligence
- Ape language
- Apollonian
- Ardrey, Robert
- Artificial intelligence
- Behavior, collective
- Benedict, Ruth
- Childhood
- Civil disobedience
- Cognitive science
- Configurationism
- Conflict
- Consciousness
- Counseling
- Crime
- Criminology and genetics
- Cross-cultural research
- Cultural constraints
- Cultural relativism
- Culture and personality
- Culture shock
- Dementia
- Dennett, Daniel C.
- Deviance
- Ecology, human behavioral
- Enculturation
- Ethnocentrism
- Ethnopsychiatry
- Ethology, cognitive
- Eudysphoria
- Evolutionary ethics
- Evolutionary psychology
- Folkways
- Forensic artists
- Forensic psychologists
- Freud, Sigmund
- Friendships
- Fromm, Erich
- Gangs
- Harlow, Harry F.
- Human competition and stress
- Human excellence
- Humankind, psychic unity of
- Incest taboo
- Intelligence
- Intelligence and genetics
- IQ tests
- Kanzi
- Kluckhohn, Clyde K. M.
- Koko (lowland gorilla)
- Kroeber, Alfred Louis
- Lorenz, Konrad
- Mead, Margaret
- Modal personality
- Mores
- Morris, Desmond
- Nationalism
- Neo-Freudianism
- Neurotheology
- Nietzsche, Friedrich
- Norms
- Pinker, Steven
- Psychiatry, transcultural
- Psychology and genetics
- Reciprocity
- Sex identity
- Sex roles
- Sexuality
- Taboos
- Territoriality
- Twin studies
- Washoe
- Xenophobia
- Physical/Biological Anthropology
- Acheulean culture
- Adaptation, biological
- Altamira cave
- Anatomy and physiology of speech
- Anthropology, history of
- Anthropometry
- Ape agression
- Ape biogeography
- Ape cognition
- Ape communication
- Ape intelligence
- Apes, fossil
- Apes, greater
- Apes, lesser
- Aquatic ape hypothesis
- Arboreal hypothesis
- Ardrey, Robert
- Artificial life
- Atapuerca
- Aurignacian culture
- Australopithecines
- Axes, hand
- Baboons
- Biological anthropology
- Biological anthropology and neo-Darwinism
- Biomedicine
- Biometrics
- Bipedal locomotion
- Black, Davidson
- Blood groups
- Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich
- Bonobos
- Bonobos in captivity
- Brace, C. Loring
- Brachiation
- Brain, evolution of primate
- Brain, human
- Brain, primate
- Cebids
- Cercopithecines
- Chimpanzees
- Chimpanzees and bonobos, differences
- Chimpanzees in captivity
- Chimpanzees, saving
- Colobines
- Coon, Carleton S.
- Craniometry
- Dart, Raymond A.
- Darwin, Charles
- de Waal, Frans B. M.
- DeVore, Irven
- Diamond, Jared
- Dinosaurian hominid
- Diseases
- DNA molecule
- DNA recombinant
- DNA testing
- Dryopithecus
- Dubois, Eugene
- El Ceren
- Eugenics
- Eve, mitochrondrial
- Evolutioin, human
- Forensic anthropology
- Fossey, Dian
- Galdikas, Biruté Mary F.
- Genetics, human
- Gibbons
- Gigantopithecus
- Goodall, Jane
- Gorillas
- Gorillas in captivity
- Gorillas, saving
- Graves
- Grooming
- Haeckel, Ernst
- HIV/AIDS
- Hominid taxonomy
- Hominization, issues in
- Hominoids
- Homo antecessor
- Homo erectus
- Homo ergaster
- Homo habilis
- Homo sapiens
- Howell, F. Clark
- Howling monkeys
- Hrdlicka, Ales
- Human canopy evolution
- Human diversity
- Human Genome Project
- Human paleontology
- Human variation
- Humans and dinosaurs
- Hylobates
- Iceman
- Java man
- Johanson, Donald C.
- Kanzi
- Kennewick man
- Kenyanthropus platyops
- Kenyapithecus wickeri
- Koko (lowland gorilla)
- Lascaux cave
- Lazaret cave
- Leakey, Louis S. B.
- Leakey, Mary D.
- Leakey, Meave Epps
- Leakey, Richard E. F.
- Lemurs
- Lorises
- Lucy reconstruction models
- Macaques
- Marmosets
- Meganthropus
- Monkeys, New World
- Monkeys, Old World
- Montagu, Ashley
- Morris, Desmond
- Mummies and mummification
- Mungo lady/man
- Museums
- Mutants, human
- Napier, J. R.
- Narmada man
- Neandertal burials
- Neandertal evidence
- Neandertal sites
- Neandertals
- Ngandong
- Oldowan culture
- Olduvai Gorge
- Orangutan survival, threats to
- Orangutan-human evolution
- Orangutans
- Orangutans in captivity
- Oreopithecus
- Origin of bipedality
- Osteology, human
- Paleoanthropology
- Pongids
- Population explosion
- Primate behavioral ecology
- Primate conservation
- Primate extinction
- Primate genetics
- Primate locomotion
- Primate morphology and evolution
- Primate taxonomy
- Primates, quadrupedalism
- Primatology
- Prosimians
- RNA molecule
- Sahelanthropus tchadensis
- Sambungmachan
- Sangiran
- Sasquatch
- Savage-Rumbaugh, Susan
- Schaller, George B.
- Schwartz, Jeffrey H.
- Shanidar cave
- Siamangs
- Sickle-cell anemia
- Siwalik Hills
- Smuts, Barbara B.
- Sociobiology
- Spider monkeys
- Strum, Shirley C.
- Tamarins
- Tarsiers
- Tattersall, Ian
- Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre
- Territoriality in primates
- Tools and evolution
- Treeshrews
- Twin studies
- Wallace, Alfred Russel
- Washburn, Sherwood L.
- Washoe
- Weidenrich, Franz
- Yerkes, Robert M.
- Yeti
- Zinjanthropus boisei
- Zoos
- Religion/Theology
- Ancestor worship
- Animatism
- Animism
- Anthropology of religion
- Aquinas, Thomas
- Bayang medicine man
- Buddhism
- Comparative religion
- Confucianism
- Coptic monasticism
- Creationism, beliefs in
- Cults
- Daoism
- Death rituals
- Evil
- Feuerbach, Ludwig
- Frazer, Sir James
- Freud, Sigmund
- Ghost dance
- God gene
- Gods
- Gosse, Philip
- Graves
- Henotheism
- Hinduism
- Humanism, religious
- India, rituals of
- Islam
- Jews
- Magic
- Magic versus religion
- Mana
- Marett, Robert Ranulph
- Marx, Karl
- Masks, ceremonial
- Medicine man
- Monasticism
- Muslims
- Native North American religions
- Neurotheology
- Nietzsche, Friedrich
- Pantheism
- Pentecostalism
- Peyote rituals
- Polytheism
- Religion
- Religion and anthropology
- Religion and environment
- Religion, liberal
- Religious rituals
- Scientism versus fundamentalism
- Shaman
- Sorcery
- Sufi Islam
- Taboos
- Taj Mahal
- Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre
- Totem poles
- Totemism
- Tylor, Edward Burnett
- Wallace, Anthony F. C.
- Witch doctor
- Witchcraft
- Sociology
- Africa, socialist schools in
- African American thought
- African Americans
- African thinkers
- Alienation
- Amish
- Anthropology and sociology
- Anthropology, social
- Balkans
- Behavior, collective
- Child abuse
- Childhood studies
- City, history of
- Civil disobedience
- Communities
- Comte, Auguste
- Crime
- Criminology and genetics
- Cuba
- Cultural convergence
- Culture of poverty
- Culture shock
- Deviance
- Durkheim, David Émile
- Euthenics
- Family, extended
- Family, forms of
- Family, nuclear
- Feminism
- Folk culture
- Folk speech
- Folkways
- Friendships
- Gangs
- Genocide
- Gerontology
- Globalization
- Gypsies
- Homosexuality
- International organizations
- Israel
- Labor
- Labor, division of
- Language use, sociology of
- Mark, Karl
- Marxism
- Midwifery
- Nationalism
- Peasants
- Population explosion
- Rank and status
- Sex identity
- Sex roles
- Sexual harassment
- Sexuality
- Slavery
- Social anthropology
- Social Darwinism
- Social sturctures
- Socialization
- Societies, class
- Societies, complex
- Societies, egalitarian
- Societies, rank
- Societies, secret
- Sociobiology
- Sociolinguistics
- Sociology
- Speech, folk
- Spencer, Herbert
- Subcultures
- Untouchables
- Urban legends
- Women's studies
- Xenophobia
- Research/Theoretical Frameworks
- Alchemy
- Alienation
- Altruism
- Anthropic principle
- Anthropocentrism
- Anthropology and business
- Anthropology and epistemology
- Anthropology and sociology
- Anthropology of men
- Anthropology of religion
- Anthropology of women
- Anthropology, characteristics of
- Anthropology, humanistic
- Anthropology, philosophical
- Anthropology, subdivisions of
- Anthropology, theory in
- Anthropomorphism
- Ape biogeography
- Apollonian
- Aquatic ape hypothesis
- Arboreal hypothesis
- Architectural anthropology
- Art, universals in
- Artificial life
- Big bang theory
- Cardiff giant hoax
- Catastrophism
- Chaos theory
- Chaos theory and anthropology
- Cladistics
- Communism
- Complexity
- Computers and humankind
- Configurationism
- Conflict
- Cosmology and sacred landscapes
- Creationism versus geology
- Creationism, beliefs in
- Critical realism
- Critical realism in ethnology
- Cross-cultural research
- Cultural conservation
- Cultural constraints
- Cultural ecology
- Cultural relativism
- Cultural tree of life
- Culture
- Culture and personality
- Culture area concept
- Culture change
- Culture, characteristics of
- Cybernetic modeling
- Cybernetics
- Darkness in El Dorado controversy
- Darwinism versus Lamarckism
- Darwinism, social
- Degenerationism
- Determinism
- Dictatorships
- Diffusionism
- Dinosaurian hominid
- Education and anthropology
- Egyptology
- Emics
- Enculturation
- Enlightenment versus postmodernism
- Enlightenment, age of
- Entelechy
- Environmental philosophy
- Environments
- Ethnocentrism
- Ethnogenesis
- Ethnohistory
- Ethology and ethnology
- Etics
- Eve, mitochrondrial
- Evolutionary anthropology
- Evolutionary epistemology
- Evolutionary ethics
- Evolutionary ontology
- Exobiology and exoevolution
- Feminism
- French structuralism
- Functionalism
- Future of anthropology
- Futurology
- Gaia hypothesis
- Gemeinschaft
- Geomythology
- Gesellschaft
- Global society
- Global warming
- Glottochronology
- God gene
- Hardy-Weinberg principle
- Henotheism
- Hermeneutics
- Historicism
- Hoaxes in anthropology
- Hominization, issues in
- Human canopy evolution
- Human dignity
- Humanism, evolutionary
- Humanism, religious
- Humanism, secular
- Humankind, psychic unity of
- Humans and dinosaurs
- Iceman
- Ideology
- Incest taboo
- Instincts
- Integrity, dynamic
- Interpreting evidence
- Jews and pseudo-anthropology
- Kulturkreise
- Legends
- Lucy reconstruction models
- Marxism
- Materialism, cultural
- Memes
- Migrations to the Western Hemisphere
- Missing link
- Models, anthropological
- Monogenesis versus polygenesis
- Myths and mythology
- Nationalism
- Naturalism
- Nature
- Nature and nurture
- Nature, role of human mind in
- Neo-Darwinism
- Neo-Freudianism
- Neo-Marxism
- Neurotheology
- Non-Darwinian evolutionary mechanisms
- Norms
- Objectivity in ethnography
- Orangutan-human evolution
- Origin of bipedality
- Paluxy footprints
- Pantheism
- Participant-observation
- Phrenology
- Physiognomy
- Positivism
- Postcolonialism
- Postmodernism
- Pragmatism
- Reciprocity
- Research in anthropology
- Research methods
- Revitalization movements
- Sasquatch
- Science, philosophy of
- Scientific method
- Scientism versus fundamentalism
- Secularization
- Social change
- Sociobiology
- Stereotypes
- Structuralism
- Superorganic
- Survivals, cultural
- Syncretism
- Teleology
- Territoriality
- Theories
- Time in anthropology
- Transformationalism
- Uniformitarianism
- Unity of humankind
- Universals in culture
- Universals in language
- Values and anthropology
- Verification in ethnography
- Wolfian perspective in cultural anthropology
- Women in anthropology
- Women's studies
- Xenophobia
- Yeti
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