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Toxic Dumping
Transnational toxic dumping involves the disposal of hazardous waste materials across national borders. These must be handled, stored, transported, and disposed of in a controlled manner. Typically, hazardous wastes are poisonous by-products of commerce and industrial manufacturing industries, which are harmful to humans, animals, and plant life in both the short and long terms. Hazardous wastes can be liquid, solid, or sludge, containing chemicals, heavy metals, radiation, dangerous pathogens, or other toxins. Additionally, the rapid emergence of global communication information technology has led to a growth in the last two decades of electronic waste, or e-waste: unwanted mobile phones, computers, and other electronic devices. If these are not disposed of properly, the chemicals in their components can poison natural habitats and kill wildlife.
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- Corruption
- Crimes and Criminal Markets
- Accounting Fraud
- Art and Antiquities: Fraud
- Art and Antiquities: Plunder
- Biopiracy
- Black Market Peso Exchange
- Capital Flight
- Charity Fraud
- Child Exploitation
- Cigarette Smuggling
- Cocaine
- Computer-Generated Scams
- Copyright Infringement
- Counterfeit Currency
- Counterfeit Goods
- Diamonds and Jewelry
- Draft Dodging
- Drug Trade: Legislative Debates
- Drug Trade: Source, Destination, and Transit Countries
- Financial Fraud
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- Gambling: Legal
- Gender-Based Violence
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- Marijuana or Cannabis
- Money Laundering: History
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- Nigerian Money Scams
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- Piracy: Failed States
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- Pollution: Air and Water
- Pollution: Corporate
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- Pornography
- Price-Fixing
- Pyramid Schemes
- Sales Tax
- Sex Slavery
- Tariff Crimes
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- Telemarketing Fraud
- Tobacco Smuggling
- Toxic Dumping
- Value-Added Tax Fraud
- Weapons Smuggling
- Wildlife Crime
- Definitions, Changing Concepts, and Impact of Transnational Crime
- Alien Conspiracies and Protection Systems
- Communication Technologies
- Disorganized Crime: Reuter's Thesis
- Impact of Transnational Crime
- Legal and Illegal Economies
- Mafia Myths and Mythologies
- Measuring Transnational Crime
- Offenders or Offenses
- Organized Crime: Defined
- Profit-Driven Crime: Naylor's Typology
- Risk Assessments
- Technology
- Terrorism: Defined
- Transnational Crime: Defined
- Geography of Transnational Crime
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- Sources of Data and Research on Transnational Crime
- The State as an Instigator of Crime
- Strategies of Law Enforcement and Justice
- Adjudicating International Crimes
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- Centralization
- Civil Forfeiture: The Experience of the United States
- Conventions, Agreements, and Regulations
- Corporate Liability
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- Criminal Forfeiture and Seizure
- Deportation
- Executive Order 13581
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- Intelligence Agencies: Collaboration Within the United States
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- Joint Force Policing and Integrated Models
- Mega-Trials
- Military Forces: Private or Contracted
- Money Laundering: Countermeasures
- Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties
- Police Cooperation
- Policing: High Versus Low
- Policing: Privately Contracted
- Policing: Transnational
- Prosecution: International
- Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
- Recovery of Stolen Assets
- Responsibilization
- Sanctions and Blacklisting
- Stings and Reverse Stings
- Transitional Justice
- UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime
- Underground Banking Regulations
- Structure and Membership of Criminal Operations
- Terrorism
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