The Handbook of Public Affairs

Geoff Allen pioneered research and teaching in business-government relations and the political environment of business in Australia. He has taught MBA and executive programs as a full-time or part-time academic for thirty years, and is an adjunct professor at the Melbourne Business School. He has also been at the center of the business-politics relationship over a long career as a civil servant, senior political advisor, co-founder and foundation CEO of Australia's large-company business organization (Business Council of Australia), and as management consultant for business and government. He has chaired a number of major state and federal government advisory bodies and is currently chair of the Australian government's Trade Policy Advisory Council. He is director of a number of companies and is deputy chairman of the board of the Melbourne Business School. In 1988 he founded the economics and public policy consultancy the Allen Consulting Group, and in 1990 founded the Centre for Corporate Public Affairs, of which he is chairman. He is Asia-Pacific regional editor of the Journal of Public Affairs.

Leighton Andrews is a former head of Public Affairs at the BBC. He has been a consultant to many major media companies. Immediately before his election, he lectured at the School of Journalism at Cardiff University, where he is now Honorary Professor. He is also a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Public Affairs. He was elected to the National Assembly for Wales as Assembly Member for the Rhondda in 2003 and now sits on the National Assembly's Economic Development, Culture and Audit committees. He is married with two children.

Archie B. Carroll is Professor of Management and holder of the Robert W. Scherer Chair of Management and Corporate Public Affairs in the Terry College of Business, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. He is the senior co-author of Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management sixth edition (2006), as well as ten other books and dozens of scholarly journal articles. Dr Carroll has served in many professional capacities. He has been President of the Society for Business Ethics (1998–1999), Chairman of the Social Issues in Management (SIM) division of the Academy of Management (1976–1977) and has served on the editorial review boards of the Academy of Management Review and the Journal of Management. He is on the editorial review boards of Business Ethics Quarterly, Business and Society, Journal of Management, and the Journal of Public Affairs. A multiple award-winning scholar, his research and teaching interests embrace business ethics, moral leadership, corporate social performance, corporate citizenship, non-profit management, and stakeholder theory.

Scott A. Castleman is General Manager of Legislative Demographic Services (LDS) based in Fairfax, VA, a position he assumed after having served as the firm's [Page xvi]Director of Operations. LDS was the first company to match zip codes to political jurisdictions and has, since 1982, been on the cutting edge of providing technology for tracking issues and mobilizing constituents. As Director of Operations, Scott developed much of the cutting edge web-based products LDS offers.

Craig S. Fleisher holds the Odette Research Chair in Business and is Professor of Management (Strategy & Entrepreneurship) at the Odette School of Business, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. He was previously President of the Canadian Council for Public Affairs Advancement and a board member of the Center for Public Affairs Management (Washington, DC), Public Affairs Association of Canada, and George Washington University Graduate School of Political Management. He is currently the Regional Editor for the Americas of the Journal of Public Affairs, Editor of the Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, a member of the Institute for Public Relations Commission on Public Relations Measurement and Evaluation, and an editorial board member of the Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal and International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning.

An award-winning instructor in strategy, competitive analysis, and social issues in management, he is an active speaker and advisor to senior executives in organizations around the globe. He has written several acclaimed books, including Assessing, Managing and Maximizing Public Affairs Performance (1997), Public Affairs Benchmarking: A Comprehensive Guide (1995), Strategic and Competitive Analysis (2003), and has also published over 150 articles and chapters. He has previously served as dean, graduate programme director, chair, and/or professor at the Universities of Calgary, New Brunswick, Wilfrid Laurier (Canada), and Sydney (Australia). His holds a PhD in Business Administration from the Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh.

Edward A. Grefe is Adjunct Professor of Issues Management and Grassroots Politics at the Graduate School of Political Management at George Washington University and President of Legislative Democratic Services (LDS) Communications Group. In 1995, the Public Affairs Council cited him as the person who “helped ‘invent’ grassroots public affairs.” That accolade was based on his two books on grassroots advocacy as well as countless articles on how to identify and mobilize constituents. In the early 1980s, with a programmer-partner, he developed GAMBIT, the first ever relational database management program to track issues and the activities of activists on both sides of an issue.

Jennifer J. Griffin is Associate Professor of Strategic Management and Public Policy at the George Washington University School of Business in Washington, DC. She teaches courses in business and public policy, managing strategic issues and corporate strategy. A “Faculty of the Year” MBA teaching award winner, she was also designated a GW Institute of Public Policy Research Scholar in 2002. Her research interests are in corporate public affairs, political strategy, capacity building, and social impact management. She has published numerous management journal articles [Page xvii]and has been an invited speaker at the Public Affairs Council, the Canadian Conference Board, and the Washington Campus, among others. Jennifer served as a Trustee of the Board for the Foundation for Public Affairs, board member of the International Association for Business and Society (IABS), Academy of Management member, past president of the GW chapter of Beta Gamma Sigma Business Honorary and Tau Beta Pi engineering honorary member.

Irene Harris is Director of Academic Projects at the School of Business, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. She has responsibility for a number of projects, including academic accreditation. Her teaching and research interests include management development, management learning and government interventions in training and development. She holds a Business Studies degree, a Masters in Management Learning and a Post Graduate Diploma in Education. She is a member of the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.

Phil Harris is Chair and Professor of the Department of Marketing at the School of Business, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Before moving to New Zealand in 2004 he had been joint founder and Director of the highly regarded Centre for Corporate and Public Affairs at Manchester Metropolitan University Business School. From 1999 to 2002 he was Chairman of the Academy of Marketing. He is a member of the Chartered Institute of Marketing Academic Senate and International Board of Trustees. In addition he is a board member of the Global Marketing Special Interest Group of the American Marketing Association and International Research Director of the European Centre for Public Affairs and a past chairman of its Research Committee. Phil is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and Manufacturers and was made a Fellow of the Institute of Public Relations in recognition of his international work in developing the public affairs discipline.

He is joint founding editor of the Journal of Public Affairs and a member of a number of international editorial and advisory boards. He has published over 150 articles and papers. His most recent books include European Business and Marketing, co-authored with Frank McDonald (Sage, 2004) and Machiavelli, Marketing and Management (Routledge, 2000). He was a parliamentary candidate both at the national and the European level and has been a campaign advisor in the last four UK general elections. He is one of the founders of the recently launched US-based Journal of E-Government and the Journal of Political Marketing. He is a consultant and advisor to various organizations in the corporate, government and not-for-profit sectors.

Brian Hawkinson serves the corporate public affairs community in two capacities: as Director of the Center for Public Affairs Management (CPAM), a unit of the Washington DC-based Public Affairs Council—the leading professional association for public affairs executives; and as Executive Director of the Foundation for Public Affairs. The CPAM is the analytical, applied research and management-consulting arm of the Council. In that regard, it advances the field of public affairs [Page xviii]through collecting and analyzing data, assessing best practices, and providing professional assistance to member organizations in the areas of strategic planning and management, organizational structure, performance measurement and evaluation. The Foundation for Public Affairs conducts and supports research on emerging public policy issues and trends that affect the practice of public affairs. Brian holds a BBA degree in management and marketing from James Madison University and an MBA from the Pamplin College of Business at Virginia Tech.

Pursey P.M.A.R. Heugens (PhD, Erasmus University) is an Assistant Professor of Organization Theory at the Utrecht School of Economics (the Netherlands). His research interests include public affairs, business ethics, and organization theory. He has published some twenty-five peer-reviewed articles in journals such as Academy of Management Review, Organization Studies, the Journal of Business Ethics, the Journal of Management Studies, and Strategic Organization, and book chapters with publishers such as Oxford University Press, Sage, and Blackwell. Dr. Heugens has guest-edited special issues of the Journal of Public Affairs, the Journal of Business Ethics, and Corporate Reputation Review, and sits on the editorial boards of four scholarly journals.

John M. Holcomb is Associate Professor of Business Ethics and Legal Studies at the Daniels College of Business, University of Denver. He has over twenty-five years of teaching experience and has been a consultant for several corporations, trade associations, and think-tanks. In 1975, he organized the Foundation for Public Affairs in Washington, DC and was its first executive director. He has written extensively on corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and political strategy campaign finance law, and social movements and political interest groups. He teaches courses on law, ethics, and public policy; on global values; and on international business law. He is a member of the Colorado Commission on Judicial Discipline and is past president of the Rocky Mountain Academy of Legal Studies in Business. He has a JD from Georgetown University Law Center and an MA in Political Science from Vanderbilt University.

Gerry Keim is Associate Dean (MBA) and Professor of Management, WP Carey School of Business, Arizona State University. He previously taught at the Ivey Business School, Texas A&M and the Stanford Graduate School of Business. An award-winning instructor and frequent consultant and speaker for executive audiences throughout the Americas and Europe, he is a regular visiting professor in the International Management Institute of Austria's Johannes Kepler University and core faculty member of the Washington Campus. His research, teaching and consulting centers on the interface between business and its external political, social and economic environment and developing entrepreneurial capabilities in existing business organizations. His research is published in leading journals including the Academy of Management Journal, Academy of Management Review, Strategic Management Journal, Sloan Management Review, Journal of Management, Public Choice, Journal of Politics, and California Management Review. He serves on the Board of Trustees of the Public Affairs Foundation, Washington, DC.

Andreas Lederer lives in Vienna, Austria, and works for Christian Scheucher Consulting Ltd as a political consultant on election campaigns and for corporations in Central and Eastern Europe. He studied political science, philosophy and marketing in Vienna, Copenhagen, London and Los Angles and holds a Masters in Political Science from the University of Vienna. He has published various articles on international political consulting and campaigning. He has also commented on political issues and elections on television.

Niombo Lomba works as a public affairs consultant in Berlin, Germany. She holds a Masters in Political Science from the University of Augsburg and is a former member of the national executive board of the Green Party in Germany.

Burdett Loomis is a professor of political science at the University of Kansas. He is currently on leave, serving as the Director of Communications for the Governor of Kansas. He has written extensively on organized interests, the Congress, public policy, and political careers, and has edited or written in more than twenty-five books, including seven editions of Interest Group Politics (with Allan Cigler). He served as an American Political Science Association Congressional Fellow (1975–76) and has been a guest scholar at the Brookings Institution.

Conor McGrath has been Lecturer in Political Lobbying and Public Affairs at the University of Ulster in Northern Ireland since 1999. He served in 2000 as the founding chairman of the Northern Ireland Government Affairs Group. In addition, he acts as Head of Education at the Public Relations Institute of Ireland. Before becoming an academic he worked for a Conservative MP in London and a Republican Congressman, as Public Affairs Director at a PR company, and as a self-employed political consultant. His research interests include the education and training of lobbyists, the fictional representation of lobbyists, international and transnational lobbying, the communication dimension of lobbying, lobbying as a form of political marketing, and the personal characteristics and professional skills of lobbyists. His book Perspectives on Lobbying: Washington, London, Brussels, is published in 2005.

Lord Tom McNally was elected the leader of the Liberal Democrats in the UK House of Lords in October 2004. He has served as Party spokesman on trade, broadcasting and home affairs. He has also been Deputy Leader in the Lords since 2001. He has served on the Select Committees on Freedom of Information and on the Public Service, as well as the Puttnam Committee on the Communications Bill. From 1969 to 1974 he was International Secretary of the Labour Party, and from 1974 to 1979 was Political Secretary to the Rt Hon. James Callaghan. From 1979 to 1983 he was MP for Stockport South. He left the Labour Party to join the SDP in 1981 and served on the Federal Executive of the Liberal Democrats from the formation of the Party in 1988 until 1998. He also served as political advisor to the Rt Hon. Paddy Ashdown, 1988–98. Out of Parliament, he was appointed a Parliamentary advisor to GEC (1983–84) and then Director General of the British Retail Consortium (1985–87). In 1987, he joined public relations firm Hill and [Page xx]Knowlton as Director of Public Affairs, before moving to a similar position at Shandwick Public Relations in 1993. He subsequently became Vice-Chairman of Shandwick. In 2003, he was appointed to the new post of non-executive Vice-Chairman of Weber Shandwick following the take-over of Shandwick by American communications giant Interpublic.

Martin Meznar received his PhD in International Business from the University of South Carolina. He is currently an Associate Professor of Management in the School of Global Management and Leadership, Arizona State University in Phoenix. A highly regarded instructor, his teaching responsibilities are in the areas of strategic management and international business. His research interests include corporate social responsibility and public affairs management in multinational corporations. A long-contributing member of the Academy of International Business, Academy of Management, and International Association of Business & Society, his work has been published in a variety of outlets including the Academy of Management Journal, Business & Society, the Journal of International Management and the Journal of Public Affairs.

Dr Bruce I. Newman is currently Professor of Marketing at DePaul University founding Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Political Marketing; and recently Visiting Scholar at the Institute of Government at the University of California-Berkeley and in the Department of Political Science at Stanford University. He has published nine books (including The Marketing of the President and Handbook of Political Marketing) and numerous articles on the subjects of political marketing and consumer psychology. Dr Newman lectures around the world on the topics of political and business marketing, and is represented by World Class Speakers & Entertainers (http://www.speak.com). In 1993, Dr Newman received the Ehrenring (Ring of Honor) from the Austrian Advertising Research Association in Vienna for his research in political marketing, and during 1995–1996 he advised the Clinton White House on communication strategy.

William D. Oberman is Associate Professor of Business in the John L. Grove College of Business, Shippensburg University, Pennsylvania. He received his PhD from the University of Pittsburgh's Katz Graduate School of Business and has been on the faculties at the Universities of New Mexico, Penn State, and Pittsburgh. He has published many articles on business-government relations and has continuing research interests in the areas of social networks, conceptions of corporate social responsibility and business involvement in the public policy process. He teaches MBA and undergraduate courses in business and society, business ethics, business and public policy, and strategic management. He is a long-time contributing member of the Social Issues in Management division of the Academy of Management and the International Association of Business and Society.

Robin Pedler is an Associate Fellow of Templeton College, Oxford University. He is also Academic Director of the European Training Institute, Brussels. He had a career in international management, becoming Director, External Relations Europe, with [Page xxi]Mars. In 1991 he returned to academic life. He has conducted ‘EU Presidency’ training with government officials in Belgium, Finland, Sweden and the UK. He has worked extensively in recently joined states. Publications include European Union Lobbying: Changes in the Arena – 14 Case Studies and Shaping European Law and Policy – the role of committees and comitology in the political process.

Douglas G. Pinkham is the president of the Public Affairs Council of America. Under his leadership, the Council has expanded its Internet-based services, management consulting practice and research on emerging public affairs trends. Prior to joining the Council, Mr Pinkham was vice president of communications for the American Gas Association (AGA). He is also an accredited member of the Public Relations Society of America. He serves on the boards of the Center for Ethics in Government, the Boston College Center for Corporate Citizenship, and the European Centre for Public Affairs. He is also a judge in the Points of Light Foundation's Awards of Excellence in Corporate Community Service. He has authored numerous articles for trade and professional magazines around the world and is a frequent speaker on public affairs issues, politics, communications and corporate management.

Rinus van Schendelen has been Professor in Political Science at Erasmus University, Rotterdam, since 1980. He has written many books and articles on lobbying and public affairs management, particularly at the EU level. His most recent books are Machiavelli in Brussels: The Art of Lobbying the EU (2002) and (co-editor) The Unseen Hand: Unelected EU Legislators (2003). He frequently trains lobby groups at the EU level.

Christian Scheucher holds Masters degrees from Harvard and the University of Vienna. He currently runs Christian Scheucher Consulting Ltd, a political and public affairs consulting firm working internationally for candidates and corporations. Political consulting focuses on election campaigns in Central and Eastern Europe to the Caucasian States. Corporate work on CEO-level only includes clients in health care, communications and infrastructure. He is also the European Editor for the Journal of Public Affairs.

James Shaw is Community Affairs Manager at Nexen Inc., based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. From his early start in the petroleum industry as a surface land negotiator, Jim has tirelessly sought resolution to stakeholder issues through open dialogue, clear communication and innovative engagement initiatives. His successes in stakeholder engagement have made him a sought-after speaker on the subject, having presented in Canada, Europe and South America. Jim has studied at the University of Calgary, holds an advanced certificate in Corporate Community Involvement from Boston College and is a Canadian Registered Safety Professional.

Patrick Shaw was a senior research fellow at the Melbourne Business School (MBS) in the 1970s and has established successful stakeholder engagement initiatives for several major Canadian projects. He is managing director of Quorum Strategic [Page xxii]Inc., a management consulting and strategic communications firm (http://www.quorumstrategic.com). His practice includes clients in natural resource, financial services, health care and technology organizations where he helps establish communication-leveraged change, inside and outside. His work often draws upon the disciplines of stakeholder engagement, issues management, risk, and crisis communication. Pat has been an active member of the International Association of Business Communicators and has served as president of the 1,400 member Toronto chapter. He is a member of the Institute of Corporate Directors of Canada. He holds a BScAg from the University of Alberta.

Amy Showalter heads the Showalter Group, Inc., and is employed by leading organizations to help improve their grassroots and PAC effectiveness. Her clients include national trade associations and Fortune 500 companies including Southwest Airlines, American Heart Association, New York Life Insurance, Kraft Foods, National Federation of Independent Business, ConocoPhillips, and the Dow Chemical Company, among others. She is a faculty member of the US Chamber's Institute for Organization Management, as well as The http://Capitol.Net. She serves on the Board of the Washington Area State Relations Group and the Government Relations Section Council of the American Society of Association Executives. Amy is the co-founder and producer of Innovate to Motivate, the largest national conference for grassroots and PAC professionals, author of Beyond Fundraisers and Fly-Ins—105 Ways to Keep in Touch with Your Elected Officials All Year as well as more than 50 articles on grassroots and PAC development.

Thomas Spencer is Executive Director of the European Centre for Public Affairs at the SEMS School of Management, University of Surrey, Guildford and Visiting Professor of Public Affairs at Brunel University, Uxbridge. As a committed environmentalist he was, from 1995 to 1999, President of GLOBE International (Global Legislators Organization for a Balanced Environment) that links four hundred members of parliament worldwide. From 2002 to 2003 he was Chairman of Counterpart Europe, an NGO active in sixty countries. He was also a Commissioner of the Commission on Globalization between 2000 and 2003, and Co-Moderator of the “National Sovereignty and Universal Challenges: Choices for the World after Iraq” conference held in Brussels in June 2003.

Tom Spencer writes, lectures and broadcasts widely. He holds the Great Golden Medal for Merit of the Republic of Austria (1996) and the Forum for the Future's Green Ribbon Award (1999). He is a member of the Council of Federal Trust and a Trustee of the Friends of Europe organization.

Clive S. Thomas is Professor of Political Science and Chair of the Department of Social Science at the University of Alaska, Juneau. His publications include books, articles and chapters on interest groups, most recently the Research Guide to US and International Interest Groups (2004). He has been a volunteer lobbyist and teaches seminars on lobby organization and tactics. During 1997–1998 and spring 2000 he was a Fulbright Senior Research Scholar in Brussels, studying American interest [Page xxiii]groups operating in the European Union. He has also received Fulbright awards to the Slovak Republic and to Argentina and Peru.

Simon Titley studied International Relations at the University of Keele, and has been an active member of the British Liberal and Liberal Democrat parties since 1975. He began his professional career in 1979 in the national headquarters of the Liberal Party, and subsequently worked in various political and NGO campaign roles. He has been a public affairs consultant since 1993, based in both London and Brussels, specializing in designing and organizing grassroots and media campaigns. From 1998 to 1999, he was one of the organizers of the Save Duty Free Campaign, the first major application of pressure group-style campaign techniques to an EU business lobbying effort.

Duane Windsor is Lynette S. Autrey Professor of Management in Rice University's Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Management, Houston, Texas. He teaches courses in leadership and business ethics in the MBA for Executives program and an MBA elective in public-nonprofit financial and strategic management. Previously he taught required MBA courses in legal and government processes and in strategy. His published work emphasizes anti-corruption efforts, corporate social responsibility, and stakeholder theory. His publications include “Public Affairs, Issues Management, and Political Strategy: Opportunities, Obstacles, and Caveats”, Journal of Public Affairs (January 2002) and “The Development of International Business Norms”, Business Ethics Quarterly (October 2004). He co-authored, with Lee E. Preston, The Rules of the Game in the Global Economy: Policy Regimes for International Business (1997, 1992). He earned his BA from Rice University (Political Science); AM and PhD from Harvard University (Political Economy and Government).