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“Should Trees Have Standing?”
Christopher Stone is (as of 2010) the J. Thomas McCarthy Trustee Chair in Law at the University of Southern California. He is an expert in environmental issues, particularly environmental law and environmental ethics. In 1972, he published the widely influential article “Should Trees Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects.” This article became a foundational piece in the literature of the emerging field of environmental ethics and philosophy. The legal status of natural entities continues to be a widely debated topic, and his work still serves as an important resource for thinking through such issues.
Beginning his article, Stone credits Charles Darwin for defining what is called “moral extensionism.” As our species has evolved and progressed, our moral scope has expanded to include more entities ...
- Anthropocentrism
- Attfield, Robin
- Animal Ethics
- Adaptive Management
- Carbon Offsets
- Environmental Justice Ecology, Radical
- Biocentrism
- Bailey, Liberty Hyde
- Anthropocentrism
- Agriculture
- Consumption, Business Ethics and
- Environmental Law
- Brundtland Report
- Berry, Reverend Fr. Thomas
- Biocentric Egalitarianism
- Biodiversity
- Consumption, Consumer Ethics and
- Environmental Law and Policy Center
- Club of Rome (and Limits to Growth)
- Berry, Wendell
- Biocentrism
- Bright Green Environmentalism
- Ecological Footprint
- Environmental Values and Law
- Death of Environmentalism, The
- Bookchin, Murray
- Civic Environmentalism
- Business Ethics, Shades of Green
- Ethical Vegetarianism
- Forest Preservation Laws
- Earth Charter
- Borlaug, Norman
- Climate Ethics
- China
- Local Food Movement
- Green Ethics in the Legal Community
- Earth Day 1970
- Callicott, J. Baird
- Deep Ecology
- Conservation
- Marketing, Consumption Ethics and
- Green Law Trends
- Earth Summit
- Carson, Rachel
- Deep Green Theory
- Cost-Benefit Analysis
- Organic Trend
- Green Laws and Incentives
- Earthlife Africa
- d'Eaubonne, Françoise
- Ecocentrism
- Democracy
- Sustainability, Business Ethics and
- Post-Construction Landscape Laws
- Ecological Crisis, The Historical Roots of Our
- Emerson, Ralph Waldo
- Ecofascism
- Development, Ethical Sustainability and
- Sustainability, Consumer Ethics and
- San Pedro Border Fence
- Endangered Species Act
- Fuller, Buckminster
- Ecofeminism/Ecological Feminism
- Ecological Restoration
- Western “Way of Life”
- Should Trees Have Standing?
- Environmental Ethics Journal
- Gandhi, Mohandas
- Economism
- Ecology
- Urban Tree Management Ordinances
- Environmental Policy Act, National
- Gore, Jr., Al
- Ecophenomenology
- Ecopedagogy and Ecodidactics
- Global Greens Charter
- Haeckel, Ernst
- Environmental Pluralism
- Ecopolitics
- Green Altruism
- Hargrove, Dr. Eugene C.
- Gaia Hypothesis
- Environmental Justice
- Land Ethic
- Hayes, Denis
- Green Party Ethical System, Four Pillars of the
- Environmental Policy
- Love Canal, Carter Administration and the
- Leopold, Aldo
- Hannover Principles
- Ethics and Science
- Philosophy and Environmental Crisis
- Lovelock, James Ephraim
- Human Values and Sustainability
- Genetic Engineering
- Roosevelt, Theodore
- Marsh, George Perkins
- Instrumental Value
- Globalization
- Silent Spring
- Mathews, Freya
- Intergenerational Justice
- Green Liberalism
- Tragedy of the Commons
- Muir, John
- International Association of Environmental Philosophy
- Green Party, German
- United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
- Mumford, Lewis
- Intrinsic Value
- Greenwashing
- United Nations Millennium Development Goals
- Naess, Arne
- Kantian Philosophy and the Environment
- Precautionary Principle
- United Tasmania Group
- Passmore, John
- Marshall, Alan (Libertarian Extension)
- Preservation
- Wilderness Act of 1964
- Pinchot, Gifford
- Pragmatism
- Sierra Club
- Rolston, Holmes, III
- Strong and Weak Sustainability
- Social Ecology
- Singer, Peter
- Sustainability, Seventh Generation
- Sustainability and Spiritual Values
- Steffen, Alex
- Sustainability and Distributive Justice
- Technology
- Taylor, Paul W.
- Ten Key Values of the Greens
- United Nations Environment Programme
- Thoreau, Henry David
- Utilitarianism
- Urbanization
- Warren, Karen
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