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Subliminal Message
A message that is perceived below conscious levels of awareness. In 1957, James Vicary claimed that subliminally flashing brand names during a movie led to increased consumption of those products. He later admitted that these results were fabricated. Overall, research regarding the effects of subliminal messages is conflicting. While some research has indicated that there may be some priming effects, little research has shown any lasting effects on long-term memory.