Summary
Overview
Key Readings
Questionnaires are one of the principal research tools for discovering people's thoughts, experience, attitudes and orientations to future action. Social scientists and researchers have been using questionnaires systematically for about three quarters of a century, since market research, opinion polling and survey research became a feature in both US and UK society in the 1920s and 30s.
This unrivalled collection provides the most complete resource of material about questionnaires.
The first volume provides an introduction to the use of questionnaires. It examines the principles of question construction, considers different types of questionnaire, principles of social measurement and the relationship between expressed attitudes, and actual social behaviour.
The second volume covers the main types of questionnaire and question construction. Included here is material on question order, question wording and ...
Editor's Introduction: Questionnaires – An Overview
Introduction
Social research employs a rich portfolio of methods and techniques from which to construct data. These data form the basis for the analysis of issues and problems and the drawing of practical and theoretical conclusions which are both the starting point and the end point of the research. Some of these methods are primary, the collection of data by the investigator at first hand, others of these methods are secondary, involving the use of pre-existing sources. One of the most important forms of primary research, since the growth of large-scale social research in the early part of the twentieth century, has been to ask people directly about particular issues, to do so systematically using structured questions which are the ...
Table of Contents
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Volume I
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Orientation
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General
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David Riesman | Mark Benney
1956
The Journal of Business
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2. Why Ask?
Jerry Hobbs | Jane Robinson
1979
Discourse Processes
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3. What's in a Question? A Content Analysis of Survey Questions
Jacob Shamir | Neta Ziskind | Shoshana Blum-Kulka
1999
The Communication Review
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4. The Formulation of Questions
Robert Kahn | Charles Cannell
1957
The Dynamics of Interviewing: Theory, Technique, and Cases
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5. Interviews Versus Questionnaires
Frank Gibson | Brett Hawkins
1968
American Behavioral Science
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Robert Sears
1965
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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7. Effects of Questionnaire Design on the Quality of Survey Data
Maria Sanchez
1992
Public Opinion Quarterly
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8. Asking the Age Question: A Research Note
Robert Peterson
1984
Public Opinion Quarterly
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9. Checks to Ensure That Questions Work as Intended
William Foddy
1993
Constructing Questions for Interviews and Questionnaires: Theory and Practice in Social Research
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Open and Closed
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10. Who Left it Open? A Description of the Free-Answer Question and its Demerits
Stanley Payne
1951
The Art of Asking Questions
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11. The Controversy Over Detailed Interviews: An Offer for Negotiation
Paul Lazarsfeld
1944
Public Opinion Quarterly
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12. Strong Arguments and Weak Evidence: The Open/Closed Questioning Controversy of the 1940s
Jean Converse
1984
Public Opinion Quarterly
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13. The Open and Closed Question
Howard Schuman | Stanley Presser
1979
American Sociological Review
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14. Two Problems in the Use of the Open Question∗
Albert Campbell
1945
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
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15. Polling, Open Interviewing, and the Problem of Interpretation
Angus Campbell
1946
Journal of Social Issues
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Opinions and Attitudes
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Richard LaPiere
1934
Social Forces
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17. Problems in the Use of Survey Questions to Measure Public Opinion
Howard Schuman | Jacqueline Scott
1987
Science
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David Riesman | Nathan Glazer
1949
Public Opinion Quarterly
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19. No Opinion, Don't Know, and Maybe No Answer
Leo Bogart
1967
Public Opinion Quarterly
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Measurement
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20. The Measurement of Social Attitudes∗
L. Thurstone
1931
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
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Norman Bradburn | Carrie Miles
1979
Public Opinion Quarterly
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22. Teaching Data Collection in Social Survey Research
George Brown
1981
Sociology
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23. How Comparative is Comparative Research?
Roger Jowell
1998
American Behavioral Scientist
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24. The In-Depth Testing of Survey Questions: A Critical Appraisal of Methods
William Foddy
1996
Quality and Quantity
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25. Bringing Partiality to Light: Question Wording and Choice as Indicators of Bias
Gün Semin | Christianne De Poot
1997
Social Cognition
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Volume II
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Question Construction
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26. Experimental Evidence on Question Design
Jean Converse | Stanley Presser
1986
Survey Questions: Handcrafting the Standardized Questionnaire
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27. The Quintamensional Plan of Question Design
George Gallup
1947
Public Opinion Quarterly
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28. Experiments in the Wording of Questions
Hadley Cantril | S. Wilks
1940
Public Opinion Quarterly
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29. Does the Question Form Influence Public Opinion Poll Results?
Albert Blankenship
1940
Journal of Applied Psychology
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30. Consumer and Opinion Research: Experimental Studies on the Form of the Question
Sydney Roslow | Wallace Wulfeck | Philip Corby
1941
Journal of Applied Psychology
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31. How Interviewer Effects Operate Through Question Form
Herbert Stember | Herbert Hyman
1949
International Journal of Opinion and Attitude Research
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32. The Effect of Question Order on Responses
Norman Bradburn | William Mason
1964
Journal of Marketing Research
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33. Effects of Question Order on Survey Responses
Sam McFarland
1981
Public Opinion Quarterly
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34. Question Order and Fair Play: Evidence of Even-Handedness in Rural Surveys
Frederick Lorenz | John Saltiel | Danny Hoyt
1995
Rural Sociology
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Anthony Heath | Roy Pierce
1992
Electoral Studies
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36. Question-Order Effects on Presidential Popularity
Lee Sigelman
1981
Public Opinion Quarterly
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37. Measuring Levels of Party Identification: Does Question Order Matter?
Ian McAllister | Martin Wattenberg
1995
Public Opinion Quarterly
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38. Measuring the Third-Person Effect of News: The Impact of Question Order, Contrast and Knowledge
Vincent Price | David Tewksbury
1996
International Journal of Public Opinion Research
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39. Impact of Question Order on the Third-Person Effect
Michel Dupagne | Michael Salwen | Bryant Paul
1999
International Journal of Public Opinion Research
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40. Question Order Effects on Subjective Measures of Quality of Life
Fern Willits | John Saltiel
1995
Rural Sociology
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41. Part–Whole Question Order Effects: Views of Rurality
Fern Willits | Bin Ke
1995
Public Opinion Quarterly
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Jon Krosnick
1989
Public Opinion Quarterly
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43. Question Wording and Public Support for Contra Aid, 1983–1986
Brad Lockerbie | Stephen Borrelli
1990
Public Opinion Quarterly
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44. Wanted: Rules for Wording Structured Questionnaires
Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
1970
Public Opinion Quarterly
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45. Symbols in Survey Questions: Solving the Problems of Multiple Word Meanings
Joan Fee
1981
Political Methodology
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46. The Measurement of a Middle Position in Attitude Surveys
Stanley Presser | Howard Schuman
1980
Public Opinion Quarterly
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47. The Effects of Offering a Middle Response Option with Opinion Questions
G. Kalton | Julie Roberts | D. Holt
1980
The Statistician
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48. Experiments with the Middle Response Alternative in Survey Questions
George Bishop
1987
Public Opinion Quarterly
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49. Asking Comparative Questions: The Impact of the Direction of Comparison
Michaela Wänke | Norbert Schwarz | Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
1995
Public Opinion Quarterly
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Howard Schuman | Stanley Presser
1996
Questions and Answers in Attitude Surveys: Experiments on Question Form, Wording and Context
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William Foddy
1993
Constructing Questions for Interviews and Questionnaires: Theory and Practice in Social Research
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Volume III
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Methodological Issues
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Sensitive Questions
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52. Asking the Embarrassing Question
Allen Barton
1958
Public Opinion Quarterly
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53. The Use of Leading Questions in Non-Schedule Interviews
Stephen Richardson
1960
Human Organization
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54. A Use for Leading Questions in Research Interviewing
Barbara Dohrenwend | Stephen Richardson
1964
Human Organization
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55. How to Ask Questions About Drinking and Sex: Response Effects in Measuring Consumer Behavior
Ed Blair | Seymour Sudman | Norman Bradburn | Carol Stocking
1977
Journal of Marketing Research
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56. Reducing Refusal Rates in the Case of Threatening Questions: The “Door-in-the-Face” Technique
Hans-J. Hippler | Gabriele Hippler
1986
Journal of Official Statistics
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57. Question Threat and Response Bias
Norman Bradburn | Seymour Sudman | Ed Blair | Carol Stocking
1978
Public Opinion Quarterly
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58. A Classification of Biased Questions
Eugene Litwak
1956
The American Journal of Sociology
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59. Asking Sensitive Questions on Surveys
Raymond Lee
1993
Doing Research on Sensitive Topics
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Fictitious Questions
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60. May We Presume? A Lecture on Taking Too Much for Granted
Stanley Payne
1951
The Art of Asking Questions
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61. Opinions on Fictitious Issues: The Pressure to Answer Survey Questions
George Bishop | Alfred Tuchfarber | Robert Oldendick
1986
Public Opinion Quarterly
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Various Design Issues
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62. Context Effects on Survey Responses to Questions About Abortion
Howard Schuman | Stanley Presser | Jacob Ludwig
1981
Public Opinion Quarterly
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63. The Effect of Response Categories on Questionnaire Answers: Context and Mode Effects
Todd Rockwood | Roberta Sangster | Don Dillman
1997
Sociological Methods and Research
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64. Political Information Processing: Question Order and Context Effects
George Bishop | Robert Oldendick | Alfred Tuchfarber
1982
Political Behavior
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65. Equivalence of Questionnaire Items with Varying Response Formats
David Frisbie | Dale Brandenburg
1979
Journal of Educational Measurement
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66. Effects of Filter Questions in Public Opinion Surveys
George Bishop | Robert Oldendick | Alfred Tuchfarber
1983
Public Opinion Quarterly
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67. The Yes–No Question Answering System and Statement Verification
M. Akiyama | William Brewer | Edward Shoben
1979
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior
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68. Effects of Presenting One Versus Two Sides of an Issue in Survey Questions
George Bishop | Robert Oldendick | Alfred Tuchfarber
1982
Public Opinion Quarterly
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Elizabeth Martin | Pamela Campanelli | Robert Fay
1991
The Statistician
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70. Testimony Validity as a Function of Question Form, Atmosphere, and Item Difficulty
Kent Marquis | James Marshall | Stuart Oskamp
1972
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
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71. Attitudes and Non-Attitudes: Continuation of a Dialogue
Philip Converse
1970
The Quantitative Analysis of Social Problems
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Validity
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72. Fixed-Choice Questionnaires
Aaron Cicourel
1964
Method and Measurement in Sociology
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73. Learning How to Ask: Native Metacommunicative Competence and the Incompetence of Fieldworkers
Charles Briggs
1984
Language in Society
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74. Validity of Responses to Survey Questions
Hugh Parry | Helen Crossley
1950
Public Opinion Quarterly
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75. Has Racism Declined in America? It Depends on Who is Asking and What is Asked
John McConahay | Betty Hardee | Valerie Batts
1981
The Journal of Conflict Resolution
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76. The Random Probe: A Technique for Evaluating the Validity of Closed Questions∗
Howard Schuman
1966
American Sociological Review
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Volume IV
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Surveys in the World
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77. Data Construction: Basic Concepts
Nicholas Bateson
1984
Data Construction in Social Surveys
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Memory and Recall
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78. The Limitations of Human Memory: Implications for the Design of Retrospective Surveys
Alan Baddeley
1979
The Recall Method in Social Surveys
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79. Retrospective Data in Survey Research
Peter Menneer
1978
Journal of the Market Research Society
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80. The Retrospective Question
Raymond Fink
1960
Public Opinion Quarterly
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81. Leading Questions and the Eyewitness Report
Elizabeth Loftus
1975
Cognitive Psychology
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Elizabeth Loftus | Wesley Marburger
1983
Memory and Cognition
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83. My Memory: A Study of Autobiographical Memory over Six Years
Willem Wagenaar
1986
Cognitive Psychology
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Striving to Improve Questions and Questionnaires
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84. Predicting Test–Retest Reliability From Behavior Coding
Jennifer Hess | Eleanor Singer | John Bushery
1999
International Journal of Public Opinion Research
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85. Latent Class Analysis of Survey Questions that Include Don't Know Responses
Lawrence Feick
1989
Public Opinion Quarterly
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Claudia Martin
1987
Statistics in Medicine
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87. New Quantitative Techniques for Pretesting Survey Questions
Charles Cannell | Floyd Fowler | Graham Kalton | Lois Oksenberg | Katherine Bischoping
1989
Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute
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88. Pretesting in Questionnaire Design: A Review of the Literature and Suggestions for Further Research
Nina Reynolds | Adamantios Diamantopoulos | Bodo Schlegelmilch
1993
Journal of the Market of Social Research Society
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89. An Empirical Evaluation of In-Depth Probes Used to Pretest Survey Questions
William Foddy
1998
Sociological Methods and Research
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90. Improving Coding Reliability for Open-Ended Questions
Andrew Montgomery | Kathleen Crittenden
1977
Public Opinion Quarterly
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Grappling with Question Design in the Real World
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91. Diagnostics for Redesigning Survey Questionnaires: Measuring Work in the Current Population Survey
Elizabeth Martin | Anne Polivka
1995
Public Opinion Quarterly
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92. Measurement in Subjective Health Assessment: Themes and Prospects
Crispin Jenkinson | Martin Bardsley | Kate Lawrence
1994
Measuring Health and Medical Outcomes
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93. Analysing Drug Abuse with British Crime Survey Data: Modelling and Questionnaire Design Issues
Ziggy MacDonald | Stephen Pudney
2000
Applied Statistics
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New Developments in a Changing World
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94. Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing in Survey Research
Jean Martin | Tony Manners
1995
Information Technology for the Social Scientist
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95. Technological Innovations in Data Collection: Acceptance, Data Quality and Costs
Edith de Leeuw | William Nicholls
1996
Sociological Research Online
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96. Web Survey Design and Administration
Mick Couper | Michael Traugott | Mark Lamias
2001
Public Opinion Quarterly
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Don Dillman
2002
Public Opinion Quarterly
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