Skip to main content
SAGE Knowledge
SAGE Knowledge
Books

Fighting Back: Neighborhood Antidrug Strategies

Books

Robert C. Davis & Arthur J. Lurigio

Publication Year: 1996

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483327273

Subject: Drug Crimes, Community Policing

LessMore information >
  • Citations
  • Add to My List
  • Text Size

Citations

Davis, R. C. & Lurigio, A. J. (1996). Fighting back: Neighborhood antidrug strategies Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781483327273

Davis, Robert C. and Arthur J. Lurigio. Fighting Back: Neighborhood Antidrug Strategies. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 1996. doi: 10.4135/9781483327273.

Davis, R C & Lurigio, A J 1996, Fighting back: neighborhood antidrug strategies, SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, viewed 23 October 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781483327273.

Davis, Robert C and Arthur J Lurigio. Fighting Back: Neighborhood Antidrug Strategies. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 1996. SAGE Knowledge. Web. 23 Oct. 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781483327273.

Copy to Clipboard

Have you created a personal profile? Login or create a profile so that you can create alerts and save clips, playlists, and searches.

Font Size

A Small A Normal A Large
  • Chapters
  • Front Matter
  • Back Matter
  • Subject Index

  • Dedication

    To my parents, Frank and Helen, who succeeded as parents and examples in ways they may not even have suspected.

    —R. D.

    To my parents, Arthur, Sr. and Phyllis, who taught me to approach life with my feet on the ground, my face with a smile, my eyes straight ahead, and my arms wide open. All my love.

    —A. L.

    Copyright

    View Copyright Page

  • References

    Anglin, M.D., & Hser, Y. (1990) Treatment of drug abuse. In M.Tonry & J.Q.Wilson (Eds.), Drugs and crime (pp. 398–460). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Anglin, M.D., & Speckart, G. (1988) Narcotics use and crime: A multisample, multimethod analysis. Criminology, 26, 197–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1988.tb00839.x
    Ball, J.C., Rosen, L., Flueck, J.A., & Nurco, D.N. (1981) The criminality of heroin addicts: When addicted and when off opiates. In J.A.Inciardi (Ed.), Drugs-crime connection (pp. 39–65). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Barr, R., & Pease, K. (1990) A place for every crime and every crime in its place: An alternative perspective on crime displacement. In D.Evans, N.Fife, & D.Herbert (Eds.), Crime, policing, and place: Essays in environmental criminology (pp. 277–318). London: Routledge.
    Baum, C., & Forehand, R. (1981) Long-term follow-up assessment of parent training by use of multiple outcome measures. Behavior Therapy, 12, 643–652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894%2881%2980136-0
    Belenko, S. (1993). Crack and the evolution of antidrug policy. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
    Bickman, L., Lavrakas, P.J., & Green, S.K. (1977). National Evaluation Program—Phase I summary report: Citizen crime reporting projects. Washington, DC: Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.
    Bickman, L., & Rosenbaum, D. (1977) Crime reporting as a function of bystander encouragement, surveillance, and credibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 577–586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.35.8.577
    Blumstein, A. (1993) Making rationality relevant: The American Society of Criminology 1992 Presidential Address. Criminology, 31, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1993.tb01119.x
    Boyum, D., & Kleiman, M.A.R. (1995) Alcohol and other drugs. In J.Q.Wilson & J.Petersilia (Eds.), Crime (pp. 295–326). San Francisco: ICS Press.
    Brown, G., & Silverman, L. (1974) The retail price of heroin: Estimation and applications. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 347, 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1974.10480176
    Buergsr, M. (1992) Defensive strategies of the street-level drug trade. Journal of Crime and Justice, 15, 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.1992.9721463
    Caulkins, J.P., Rich, T.C., & Larson, R.C. (1991). Geography's impact on the success of focused local drug enforcement operations or “crackdowns”. Unpublished manuscript.
    Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. (1992). National evaluation of the community partnership Demonstration Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
    Chaiken, J.M., & Chaiken, M. (1982). Varieties of criminal behavior. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
    Chaiken, M.R. (1986) Crime rates and substance abuse among types of offenders. In B.D.Johnson & E.Wish (Eds.), Crime rates among drug-abusing offenders (Final report to the National Institute of Justice, pp. 47–68).
    Chavis, D., Speer, P., Resnick, I., & Zippay, A. (1993) Building community capacity to address alcohol and drug abuse: Getting to the heart of the problem. In R.C.Davis, A.Lurigio, & D.Rosenbaum (Eds.), Drugs and the community (pp. 251–284). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
    Chavis, D.M., & Wandersman, A. (1990) Sense of community in the urban environment: A catalyst for participation and community development. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18, 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00922689
    Cheh, M. (1991) Constitutional limits on using civil remedies to achieve criminal law objectives: Understanding and transcending the criminal-civil law distinction. Hastings Law Journal, 42, 1325–1413.
    Clarke, R.V. (Ed.). (1992). Situational crime prevention: Successful case studies. New York: Harrow & Heston.
    Clarke, R.V., & Felson, M. (1993) Introduction: Criminology, routine activity, and rational choice. In R.V.Clarke & M.Felson (Eds.), Routine activity and rational choice (pp. 1–16). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
    Clarke, R.V., & Weisburd, D. (1994) Diffusion of crime control benefits: Observations on the reverse of displacement. In R.V.Clarke (Ed.), Crime prevention series (No. 2, pp. 165–184). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.
    Clayton, R.R. (1981) Federal drugs-crime research: Setting the agenda. In J.Inciardi (Ed.), The drugs-crime connection (pp. 35–51). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Cohen, L.E., & Felson, M. (1979) Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity theory approach. American Sociological Review, 44, 588–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2094589
    Conklin, J. (1975). The impact of crime. New York: Macmillan.
    Cook, R., & Roehl, J. (1993) National evaluation of the community partnership program: Preliminary findings. In R.C.Davis, A.Lurigio, & D.Rosenbaum (Eds.), Drugs and the community (pp. 225–250). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
    Cook, T.D., & Campbell, D.T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings. Chicago: Rand McNally.
    Cornish, D.B., & Clarke, R.R. (Eds.). (1986). The reasoning criminal. New York: Springer-Verlag. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8625-4
    Courtwright, D. (1986). Dark paradise. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    Davis, R.C. (1989). Community response to crack. Grant proposal of Victim Services Agency, New York, to the National Institute of Justice.
    Davis, R.C., Smith, B.E., & Hillenbrand, S.W. (1991). Reporting of drug-related crimes: Resident and police perspectives. Washington, DC: American Bar Association.
    Davis, R.C., Smith, B.E., Lurigio, A.J., & Skogan, W.G. (1991). Community response to crack: Grassroots antidrug programs. Report of the Victim Services Agency, New York, to the National Institute of Justice.
    Decker, S. (1993, October). Slinging dope: The role of gangs and gang members in drug sales. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Criminal Justice Association, Chicago.
    DuBow, F., & Emmons, D. (1981) The community hypothesis. In D.A.Lewis (Ed.), Reactions to crime (pp. 167–182). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Eck, J.E. (1994, November). The segmented model: Strategies for understanding and defining drug markets. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society for Criminology, Miami, FL.
    Eck, J.E., & Rosenbaum, D.P. (1994) The new police order: Effectiveness, equity, and efficiency in community policing. In D.P.Rosenbaum (Ed.), The challenge of community policing: Testing the promises (pp. 3–23). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Eck, J.E., & Spelman, W. (1987) Who ya gonna call? The police as problem busters. Crime and Delinquency, 33, 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128787033001003
    Enter the Muslims, exit the drug dealers. (1989, February 17). Philadelphia Inquirer.
    Esbensen, F., & Huizinga, D. (1993) Gangs, drugs, and delinquency in a survey of urban youth. Criminology, 31, 565–587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1993.tb01142.x
    Fagan, J. (1988). The social organization of drug use and drug dealing among urban gangs. New York: John Jay College of Criminal Justice.
    Fagan, J. (1992) Drug selling and licit income in distressed neighborhoods: The economic lives of street level drug users and dealers. In A.V.Harrell & G.E.Petersen (Eds.), Drugs, crime, and social isolation (pp. 99–146). Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
    Fagan, J., & Chin, K. (1990) Violence as regulation and social control in the distribution of crack. In M.Dela Rosa, E.Y.Lambert, & B.Gropper (Eds.), Drugs and violence: Causes, correlates, and consequences |NIDA Research Monograph, 103, pp. 8–43). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
    Fattah, E.A. (1991). Understanding criminal victimization. Scarborough, Ontario: Prentice Hall Canada.
    Fattah, E.A. (1993) The rational choice/opportunity perspectives as a vehicle for integrating criminological and victimological theories. In R.V.Clarke & M.Felson (Eds.), Routine activity and rational choice (pp. 225–258). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books
    Fischer, C.S., Jackson, R.M., Steuve, C.A., Gerson, K., & Jones, L.M. (1977). Network and places: Social relations in the urban setting. New York: Free Press.
    Fowler, F.J., & Mangjone, T.W. (1986) A three-pronged effort to reduce crime and fear of crime: The Hartford experiment. In D.P.Rosenbaum (Ed.), Community crime prevention: Does it work? (pp. 87–108). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Freeman, R.B., & Holzer, H. (1986). The black youth employment crisis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226261829.001.0001
    Gandossy, R.P., Williams, J.R., Cohen, J., & Harwood, H.J. (1980). Drugs and crime: A survey and analysis of the literature. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
    Garbarino, J., Kostelny, K., & Dubrow, N. (1991). No place to be a child. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
    Garofalo, J., & McLeod, M. (1988). Improving the effectiveness of neighborhood watch programs. Unpublished report to the National Institute of Justice from the Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center, State University of New York at Albany.
    Gerstenzang, J., & Jehl, D. (1989, December 8). Bush praises citizenry for taking back park. Los Angeles Times, Sec. A, p. 49.
    Gibbs, J.T. (1988). Young, black, and male in America: An endangered species. Dover, MA: Auburn House.
    Goerdt, J., & Martin, J.A. (1989, Fall). The impact of drug cases on case processing in urban trial courts. State Court Journal, 13, 4–12.
    Goldstein, H. (1990). Problem-oriented policing. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    Goldstein, P.J. (1985) The drugs/violence nexus. Journal of Drug Issues, 15, 493–506.
    Gottfredson, M., & Hindelang, M. (1979) A study of the behavior of law. American Sociological Review, 44, 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2094813
    Gravois, J., & Lanterman, K. (1989, December 8). Bush to Houston: Good job. Houston Post, Sec. A, pp. 1, 19.
    Green, L.A. (1996). Policing places with drug problems. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Greenberg, S., Rohe, W.M., & Williams, J.R. (1982). Safe and secure neighborhoods: Physical characteristics and informal territorial control in high and low crime neighborhoods. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
    Greenberg, S.W., Rohe, W.M., & Williams, J.R. (1985). Informal citizen action and crime prevention at the neighborhood level: Synthesis and assessment of the research. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
    Greene, J.R., & McLaughlin, E. (1993) Facilitating communities through police work: Drug problem solving and neighborhood involvement in Philadelphia. In R.C.Davis, A.J.Lurigio, & D.P.Rosenbaum (Eds.), Drugs and the community (pp. 141–161). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
    Greene, J.R., & Taylor, R.B. (1988) Community-based policing and foot patrol: Issues of theory and evaluation. In J.R.Greene & S.D.Mostrofski (Eds.), Community policing: Rhetoric or reality? (pp. 195–224). New York: Praeger.
    Hagedom, J.M. (1994) Neighborhoods, markets, and gang drug organization. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 31, 264–294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427894031003002
    Hamid, A. (1990) The political economy of crack-related violence. Contemporary Drug Problems, 17, 31–78.
    Hawkins, J., & Lam, T. (1987) Teacher practices, social development, and delinquency. In J.Burchard & S.Burchard (Eds.), The prevention of delinquent behavior (pp. 241–274). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Hayeslip, D.W. (1989) Local-level drug enforcement: New strategies. NIJ Reports, 213, 2–6. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
    Heinzelmann, F. (1981) Crime prevention and the physical environment. In D.A.Lewis (Ed.), Reactions to crime (pp. 87–102). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Heinzelmann, F. (1983) Crime prevention from a community perspective. In Center for Responsive Governance (Ed.), Community crime prevention (pp. 17–24). Washington, DC: Editor.
    Heller, N.B., Stenzel, W.W., & Gill, A. (1975). National Evaluation Program—Phase I summary report: Operation Identification Projects. Washington, DC: Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.
    Henig, J.R. (1982). Neighborhood mobilization. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
    Holmes, S.A. (1989, November 15). Community shrinks from crack embrace. New York Times, Sec. B, pp. 1, 9.
    Horacek, H., Ramey, D., Campbell, F., Hoffman, K., & Fletcher, R. (1987) Preventing school failure and assessing early intervention with high-risk children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 758–763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-198709000-00024
    Hunt, L.G., & Chambers, C.D. (1976). The heroin epidemic: A study of heroin use in the U.S. 1965–75 (Part 2). Holliswood, NY: Spectrum.
    Hunter, A.J. (1978, November). Symbols of incivility: Social disorder and fear of crime in urban neighborhoods. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Dallas.
    Inciardi, J.A. (1980) Youth, drugs, and street crime. In F.R.Scarpitti & S.K.Datesman (Eds.), Drugs and the youth culture (pp. 175–203). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Inciardi, J.A. (1986). The war on drugs: Heroin, cocaine, crime, and public policy. Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield.
    Innes, C.A. (1988). Drug use and crime. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
    International Training, Research, and Evaluation Council. (1977). National Evaluation Program—Phase I summary report: Crime prevention security surveys. Washington, DC: Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.
    Jacobs, J. (1961). Death and life of great American cities. New York: Vintage.
    Joe, K. (1992, November). The social organization of Asian gangs, the Chinese mafia, and organized crime on the West Coast. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, New Orleans.
    Johnson, B.D., Kaplan, M., & Schmeidler, J. (1990) Days with drug distribution: Which drugs? How many transactions? With what returns? In R.Weisheit (Ed.), Drugs, crime, and the criminal justice system (pp. 193–214). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.
    Johnson, B.D., Williams, T., Dei, K.A., & Sanabria, H. (1990) Drug abuse in the inner city: Impact on hard-drug users and the community. In M.Tonry & J.Q.Wilson (Eds.), Drugs and crime (pp. 9–68). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Kates, N.D. (1990). REACH: Fighting crack and crime in Pilgrim Village, Detroit. Draft report of the Kennedy School of Government Case Program, Harvard University.
    Kelling, G.L., & Moore, M. (1988) From political reform to community: The evolving strategy of police. In J.R.Greene & S.D.Mastrofski (Eds.), Community policing: Rhetoric or reality! (pp. 3–26). New York: Praeger.
    Kleiman, M. (1988) Crackdowns: The effects of intensive enforcement on retail heroin dealing. In M.Chaiken (Ed.), Street-level drug enforcement: Examining the issues (pp. 27–38). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
    Kleiman, M.A.R. (1992). Against excess. New York: Basic Books.
    Kleiman, M.A.R., & Smith, K.D. (1990) State and local drug enforcement: In search of a strategy. In M.Tonry & J.Q.Wilson (Eds.), Drugs and crime (pp. 69–108). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Klitzner, M. (1993) A public health/dynamic systems approach to community-wide alcohol and other drug initiatives. In R.C.Davis, A.Lurigio, & D.P.Rosenbaum (Eds.), Drugs and the community (pp. 201–224). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
    Klitzner, M., Stewart, K., Fisher, D., Carmona, M., Diggs, G., Stein-Seroussi, A., & Des Jarlais, D. (1992). Final report on the planning phase of fighting back: Community initiatives to reduce the demand for illegal drugs and alcohol. Baltimore, MD: Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation.
    Krosnick, J., & Judd, C. (1986). Transitions in social influence at adolescence: Who induces cigarette smoking? Developmental Psychology, 18, 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.18.3.359
    Lab, S.P. (1992). Crime prevention: Approaches, practices, and evaluations. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.
    Latane, B., & Darley, J. (1969) Bystander apathy. American Scientist, 57, 244–268.
    Lavrakas, P.J. (1981) On households. In D.A.Lewis (Ed.), Reactions to crime (pp. 67–86). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Lavrakas, P.J. (1985) Citizen self-help and neighborhood crime prevention. In L.Curtis (Ed.), American violence and public policy (pp. 47–56). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    Lavrakas, P.J. (1988). Richard Clark and associates: A survey of black Americans. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Survey Laboratory.
    Lavrakas, P.J., & Kushmuk, J.W. (1986) Evaluating crime prevention through environmental design: The Portland Commercial Demonstration Project. In D.P.Rosenbaum (Ed.), Community crime prevention: Does it work? (pp. 202–227). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Lavrakas, P.J., & Lewis, D.A. (1980, July). The conceptualization and measurement of citizens' crime prevention behaviors. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 17, 254–272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002242788001700208
    Lavrakas, P.J., & Rosenbaum, D.P. (1989). Crime prevention beliefs, policies, and practices of chief law enforcement executives: Results of a national survey. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Survey Laboratory.
    Lewis, D.A., & Salem, G. (1981) Community crime prevention: An analysis of a developing perspective. Crime and Delinquency, 27, 405–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001112878102700307
    Lockhard, J.L., Duncan, J.T., & Brenner, R.N. (1978). Directory of community crime prevention programs: National and state levels. Washington, DC: Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.
    Lundberg, K. (1990). The Philadelphia antidrug coalition. Draft report of the Kennedy School of Government Case Program, Harvard University.
    Lurigio, A., Davis, R., Regulus, T., Gwisada, V., Popkin, S., Dantzker, M., Smith, B., & Ouellet, A. (1993). An evaluation of the Cook County State Attorney's Office Narcotics Nuisance Abatement Program. Chicago: Loyola University Department of Criminal Justice.
    Maccoby, E., Johnson, J., & Church, R. (1958) Community integration and social control of juvenile delinquency. Journal of Social Issues, 14, 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1958.tb01415.x
    Martens, F.T. (1988, May). Narcotics enforcement: What are the goals and do they conflict? Paper presented at the Organized Crime Narcotics Enforcement Symposium, Villanova University.
    Mieczkowski, T. (1990) Drugs, crime, and the failure of American organized crime models. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 14, 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01924036.1990.9688931
    Milwaukee Police Department. (1994, March 22). [Internal memorandum).
    Moore, M.M. (1973) Achieving discrimination on the effective price of heroin. American Economic Review, 63(2), 270–277.
    Moore, M.M. (1976). Buy and bust: The effective regulation of an illicit market in heroin. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath.
    Morgan, T. (1988, February 25). Moslem patrol helps cut crime in Brooklyn. New York Times, Sec. A, p. 3.
    Murder zones. (1989, April 10). U.S. News and World Report, pp. 20–32.
    Nadelman, E.A. (1988) The case for legalization. Public Interest, 92, 3–31.
    National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise. (1990). Not here you don't: Neighborhood groups fight back in the war on drugs. Draft monograph of the National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise, Washington, DC.
    National Institute of Justice. (1994). Drug use forecasting study: Drugs and crime, 1990—Annual report. Washington, DC: Author.
    Newman, O. (1973). Defensible space: Crime prevention through urban design. New York: Collier.
    Newman, O., & Franck, K.A. (1980). Factors influencing crime and instability in urban housing developments. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
    Nurco, D.N., Ball, J.C., Shaffer, J.W., & Hanlon, T.E. (1985) The criminality of narcotics addicts. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 173, 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198502000-00006
    Nurco, D.N., Kinlock, T., & Balter, M.B. (1993) The severity of preaddiction criminal behavior among urban, male narcotic addicts and two nonaddicted control groups. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30, 293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427893030003003
    Pati, A., McPherson, M., & Silloway, G. (1987). The Minneapolis crime prevention experiment. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
    Penning, M., & Barnes, G. (1982) Adolescent marijuana use: A review. International Journal of Addictions, 17, 749–791.
    Perkins, D., Florin, P., Rich, R., Wandersman, A., & Chavis, D. (1990) Participation and the social and physical environment of residential blocks: Crime and community context. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18, 83–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00922690
    Phillips, C. (1989, September 6). Houston group battles, reclaims park. Wall Street Journal, Sec. A, pp. 10–11.
    Piliavin, J., Doridio, J., Gaertner, S., & Clark, R. (1981). Emergency intervention. New York: Academic Press.
    Podolefsky, A., & DuBow, F. (1981). Strategies for community crime prevention. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
    Police swarm over Mayfair area. (1988, April 23). Washington Post.
    Pothier, D. (1987, March 11). Department's “reputation grew uglier” over the years. Philadelphia Inquirer.
    Powers, S.A. (1990). Community responses to drugs. Draft report of the Vera Institute of Justice, New York.
    Powers, S.A. (1993) Community responses to drugs: Manhattan and Brooklyn case studies. In R.D.Davis, A.L.Lurigio, & D.P.Rosenbaum (Eds.), Drugs and the community (pp. 106–122). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
    Press, A. (1987). Piecing together New York's criminal justice system: The response to crack. New York: New York Bar Association.
    Rengert, G.F. (1990). Drug marketing, property crime, and neighborhood viability: Organized crime connections. Report to the Pennsylvania Commission by the Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University.
    Reuter, P., & Haaga, J. (1989). The organization of high-level drug markets: An exploratory study. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
    Reuter, P., Haaga, J., Murphey, P., & Praskac, A. (1988). Drug use and drug programs in the Washington metropolitan area |Report No. R-3655-GWRC). Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
    Reuter, P., & Kleiman, M.A.R. (1986) Risks and prices: An economic analysis of drug enforcement. In M.Tonry & N.Morris (Eds.), Crime and justice (pp. 289–340). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Reuter, P., MacCoun, R., & Murphy, P. (1990). Money from crime: A study of the economics of drug dealing in Washington, DC. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
    Roehl, J.A. (1995). National process evaluation of the weed and seed initiative (Draft report). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
    Roehl, J.A., Wong, H., Huitt, R., & Capowich, G.E. (1995). A national assessment of community-based antidrug initiatives: Final report. Pacific Grove, CA: Institute for Social Analysis.
    Ropers, R.H. (1988). The invisible homeless: A new urban ecology. New York: Insight.
    Rosenbaum, D.P. (1983, August). Scaring people into crime prevention: The results of a randomized experiment. Paper presented at the 91st annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Anaheim, CA.
    Rosenbaum, D.P. (1986) The problem of crime control. In D.P.Rosenbaum (Ed.), Community crime prevention: Does it work? (pp. 11–18). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Rosenbaum, D.P. (1987). The theory and research behind neighborhood watch: Is it a sound fear and crime reduction strategy? Crime and Delinquency, 23, 103–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128787033001007
    Rosenbaum, D.P. (1988) Community crime prevention: A review and synthesis of the literature. Justice Quarterly, 5, 323–395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418828800089781
    Rosenbaum, D.P. (1993) Civil liberties and aggressive enforcement: Balancing the rights of individuals and society in the drug war. In R.C.Davis, A.J.Lurigio, & D.P.Rosenbaum (Eds.), Drugs and the community (pp. 55–84). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
    Rosenbaum, D.P., Bennett, S.F., Lindsay, B., & Wilkinson, D.L. (1994). Community responses to drug abuse: A program evaluation. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
    Rosenbaum, D.P., Bennett, S.F., Lindsay, B.D., Wilkinson, D.L., Davis, B., Taranowski, C., & Lavrakas, P.J. (1992). Ten case studies: The community responses to drug abuse (National Demonstration Program Final Process Evaluation Report, Vol. 2). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
    Rosenbaum, D.P., & Lavrakas, P.J. (1993, November). The impact of voluntary community organizations on communities: A test of the implant hypothesis. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Phoenix, AZ.
    Rosenbaum, D.P., Lewis, D.A., & Grant, J.A. (1985). The impact of community crime prevention programs in Chicago: Can neighborhood organizations make a difference!Evanston, IL: Northwestern University, Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research.
    Rosenbaum, D.P., Lewis, D.A., & Grant, J.A. (1986) Neighborhood-based crime prevention: Assessing the efficacy of community organizing in Chicago. In D.P.Rosenbaum (Ed.), Community crime prevention: Does it work? (pp. 109–136). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Rosenbaum, D.P., & Lurigio, A.J. (1994) An inside look at community policing reform: Definitions, organizational changes, and evaluation findings. Crime and Delinquency, 40, 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128794040003001
    Rosenbaum, D., Lurigio, A., & Lavrakas, P. (1989) Enhancing citizen participation and solving serious crime: A national evaluation of crime stoppers programs. Crime and Delinquency, 35, 401–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128789035003006
    Sadd, S., & Grinc, R.M. (1993) The effects of drug use and sales on three urban communities. In R.C.Davis, A.J.Lurigio, & D.P.Rosenbaum (Eds.), Drugs and the community (pp. 175–197). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
    Schmalleger, F. (1995). Criminal justice today. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Schneider, A.L. (1986) Neighborhood-based antiburglary strategies: An analysis of public and private benefits from the Portland program. In D.P.Rosenbaum (Ed.), Community crime prevention: Does it work? (pp. 68–86). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Schneider, A.L., Burcart, J., & Wilson, L. (1976) The role of attitudes in the decision to report crimes to the police. In W.MacDonald (Ed.), Criminal justice and the victim (pp. 63–81). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Shedler, J., & Block, J. (1990) Adolescent drug use and psychological health: A longitudinal inquiry. American Psychologist, 45, 612–630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.5.612
    Sherman, L.W. (1990) Police crackdowns: Initial and residual deterrence. In M.Tonry & N.Morris (Eds.), Crime and justice: A review of research (pp. 1–48). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Sherman, L.W. (1992, March). Kansas City drug market analysis: DRAGNET. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA.
    Sherman, L., Gartin, P., & Buerger, M.E. (1989) Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology, 27, 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00862.x
    Siegel, R. (1982) Cocaine smoking. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 14, 277–359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1982.10524305
    Simon, H. (1991). United neighbors against drugs. Report of the Kennedy School of Government Case Program, Harvard University.
    Sizer, T. (1992). Horace's school: Redesigning the American high school. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
    Skogan, W.G. (1988) Community organizations and crime. In M.Tonry & N.Morris (Eds.), Crime and justice (pp. 39–78). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Skogan, W.G. (1989) Communities, crime, and neighborhood organization. Crime and Delinquency, 35, 437–457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128789035003008
    Skogan, W.G. (1990). Disorder and decline: Crime and the spiral to decay in American cities. New York: Free Press.
    Skogan, W.G., & Antunes, G. (1979) Information, apprehension and deterrence: Exploring the limits of police productivity. Journal of Criminal Justice, 10, 217–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352%2879%2990040-0
    Skogan, W.G., & Maxfield, M.G. (1981). Coping with crime. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Skolnick, J.H. (1990) The social structure of street drug dealing. American Journal of Police, 9, 1–41.
    Skolnik, J.H., & Bayley, D. (1986). The new blue line. New York: Free Press.
    Smith, B.E., Davis, R.C., & Goretsky, S.R. (1991). Strategies for courts to cope with the caseload pressures of drug cases. Washington, DC: American Bar Association.
    Smith, B.E., Davis, R.C., Hillenbrand, S.W., & Goretsky, S.R. (1992). Ridding neighborhoods of drug houses in the private sector. Washington, DC: American Bar Association.
    Smith, B.E., Lurigio, A., Davis, R.C., Goretsky-Elstein, S., & Popkin, S. (1994) Burning the midnight oil: An examination of Cook County's night drug court. Justice System Journal, 17, 41–52.
    Some residents being won over by the enemy in the D. C. drug war. (1989, August 13). Washington Post.
    Sparks, R., Genn, H., & Dodd, D. (1977). Surveying victims: A study of the measurement of criminal victimization, perception of crime, and attitudes toward criminal justice. New York: John Wiley.
    Spelman, W., & Brown, D.K. (1984). Calling the police: Citizen reporting of serious crime. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
    Suttles, G. (1972). The social construction of communities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Sviridoff, M., & Hillsman, S.T. (1994) Assessing the community effects of Tactical Narcotics Teams. In D.L.MacKenzie & C.D.Uchida (Eds.), Drugs and crime: Evaluating public policy initiatives (pp. 114–128). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Taxman, F.S., & McEwen, T. (1994). The drug market analysis project: Defining markets and effective law enforcement practices. Alexandria, VA: Institute for Law and Justice.
    Taylor, C. (1990). Dangerous society. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
    Taylor, R.B., & Gottfredson, S. (1987) Environmental design, crime, and prevention. In A.Reiss & M.Tonry (Eds.), Communities and crime (pp. 387–416). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Taylor, R.B., Gottfredson, S.D., & Brower, S. (1981) Territorial cognitions and social climate in urban neighborhoods. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 2, 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp0204_5
    Threats of death, maiming muzzle witnesses in area drug trials. (1989, August 20). Washington Post.
    Tien, J.M., & Rich, T.F. (1994) The Hartford COMPASS Program: Experiences with a Weed- and Seed-Related Program. In D.P.Rosenbaum (Ed.), The challenge of community policing: Testing the promises (pp. 192–208). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Tien, J., Rich, T., Shell, M., Larson, R., & Donnelly, J. (1993). COMPASS: A drug market analysis program. Final report of the Hartford, CT, Police Department to the National Institute of Justice.
    Tonry, M. (1994) Racial politics, racial disparities, and the war on crime. Crime and Delinquency, 40, 475–494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128794040004001
    Tiebach, A.S., & Inciardi, J.A. (1993). Legalize it? Debating American drug policy. Washington, DC: American University Press.
    Uchida, C.D., & Forst, B. (1994) Controlling street-level drug trafficking: Professional and community policing approaches. In D.L.MacKenzie & C.D.Uchida (Eds.), Drugs and crime: Evaluating public policy initiatives (pp. 77–94). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Uchida, C.D., Forst, B., & Annan, S.O. (1992). Modem policing and the control of illegal drugs: Testing new strategies in two American cities. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
    U.S. Department of Justice. (1981). Criminal victimization in the United States, 1979. Washington, DC: Department of Justice Statistics.
    Waldorf, D., & Lauderback, D. (1993). Gang drug sales in San Francisco: Organized or freelance? Unpublished paper of the Institute for Scientific Analysis, Alameda, CA.
    Walker, S. (1992). The police in America. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    Waller, I., & Okihiro, N. (1978). Burglary: The victim and the public. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
    Weingart, S. (1993) A typology of community responses to drugs. In R.C.Davis, A.Lurigio, & D.P.Rosenbaum (Eds.), Drugs and the community (pp. 85–105). Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
    Weingart, S.N., Hartmann, F.X., & Osborne, D. (1992). Lessons learned: Case studies of the initiation and maintenance of the community response to drugs. Report of the Kennedy School, Harvard University, to the National Institute of Justice.
    Weingart, S.N., Hartmann, F.X., & Osborne, D. (1994, October). Case studies of community antidrug efforts—NIJ Research in Brief. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
    Weisburd, D.L., & Green, L. (1994) Defining the drug market: The case of the Jersey City DMAP system. In D.L.MacKenzie & C.D.Uchida (Eds.), Drugs and crime: Evaluating public policy initiatives (pp. 61–76). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Weisburd, D.L., & Green, L. (1995). Policing hot spots: The Jersey City DMA experiment. Manuscript submitted for publication.
    White House. (1995). National drug control strategy: Strengthening communities' response to drugs and crime. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
    Wilson, J.Q., & Kelling, G. (1982, February 29). Broken windows. Atlantic Monthly, 38, 46–52.
    Wilson, J.W. (1978). The investigators. New York: Free Press.
    Winkel, F.W. (1987) Response generalization in crime prevention campaigns: An experiment. British Journal of Criminology, 27, 155–174.
    Wolfgang, M.E., & Ferracuti, F. (1967). The subculture of violence: Toward an integrated theory in criminology. London: Tavistock.
    Worden, R.E., Bynum, T.S., & Frank, J. (1994) Police crackdowns on drug abuse and trafficking. In D.L.MacKenzie & C.D.Uchida (Eds.), Drugs and crime: Evaluating public policy initiatives (pp. 95–113). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Yin, R.K. (1979) What is citizen crime prevention? In Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (Ed.), Review of criminal justice evaluation: 1978 (pp. 72–85). Washington, DC: Editor.
    Yin, R.K., Vogel, M.E., & Chaiken, J.M. (1977). National Evaluation Program—Phase I summary report: Citizen patrol projects. Washington, DC: Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.
    Zimmer, L. (1990) Proactive policing against street-level drug trafficking. American Journal of Police, 9, 43–74.

    About the Authors

    Robert C. Davis is Senior Research Associate for Victim Services, New York, and a consultant to the American Bar Association. His research interests include community anticrime organizations, crime victims, domestic violence, and criminal courts. He has coedited the books Drugs and the Community and Victims of Crime: Problems, Policies, and Programs and has authored numerous journal articles and book chapters on these topics. He lives in Princeton, New Jersey, with his wife Patricia and children Caitlin and Jennifer.

    Arthur J. Lurigio received his doctorate in social psychology from Loyola University in Chicago. He was formerly an Assistant Professor of Psychology and Urban Affairs at Northwestern University and is now an Associate Professor of Criminal Justice at Loyola University. He is also the Director of Research for the Cook County Adult Probation Department. He has many, varied research interests, including the psychological effects of criminal victimization, intermediate sanctions, crime and mental disorders, drugs and communities, community policing, community crime prevention, and traditional organized crime. He has published extensively in all these areas. He lives in Chicago with his wife Colleen and his two children, Michael and Caitlin.

    • Loading...
Back to Top

Copy and paste the following HTML into your website