The social problems created by crime date back to the beginnings of organized societies and recorded history. The codes created by rulers such as Hammurabi, the first king of Babylon (1810 bc-1750 bc) and Emperor lustinian in Rome (482 ad-565 ad) outlined acceptable behaviors within their respective societies, and the harms that would be done to persons who violated these codes of conduct.

Similarly, the relationship between crime and substance abuse is both historical and current. The types of crime and the substances of choice have changed from generation to generation, but the problems created for society are constant. For example, the early Greeks banned alcohol-based celebrations of the God Bacchus because they typically resulted in riots. Similarly, the government of the United States upon realizing ...