Binomial experiments consist of a series of two or more independent trials, where each trial in the series results in one of two outcomes: a success or a failure. The purpose of the binomial test is to determine for such experiments whether the number of observed successes warrants rejection of an assumed probability of success, π. For example, a gambler may posit that the probability of getting a head in a flip of a coin is .5. A binomial test could be used to determine whether the number of heads observed in a series of independent flips warrants rejection of that hypothesis. This entry describes educational research applications, states the hypothesis and assumptions, defines and illustrates the exact probability computations, defines and illustrates the normal ...