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Grounded Theory
Grounded theory is a well-established and highly influential approach to qualitative research. Developed in the 1960s by two sociologists, Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss, in the United States, it is characterized by a theory-building approach, based on an iterative, inductive process of data analysis. This entry reviews the history and development of the theory, its key characteristics, the process of analyzing data while using grounded theory, and other considerations regarding the theory.
History and Development
Grounded theory was an approach first presented in detail in Glaser and Strauss’s 1967 work, The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Fundamental to this approach was a concern to develop theory—both formal and substantive—from data in a systematic, inductive process. This was in reaction to a more traditional and dominant approach whereby theory ...
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- Decile
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- Lexiles
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- Nominal-Level Measurement
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- Ordinal-Level Measurement
- Percentile Rank
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- Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability
- Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Oral Language
- Validity
- Concurrent Validity
- Consequential Validity Evidence
- Construct Irrelevance
- Construct Underrepresentation
- Content-Related Validity Evidence
- Criterion-Based Validity Evidence
- Measurement Invariance
- Multicultural Validity
- Multitrait–Multimethod Matrix
- Predictive Validity
- Sensitivity
- Social Desirability
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- Test Bias
- Unitary View of Validity
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- Inclusion
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- Least Restrictive Environment
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- Policy Research
- Race to the Top
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- Evaluation Capacity Building
- Evidence-Centered Design
- External Evaluation
- Feminist Evaluation
- Formative Evaluation
- Four-Level Evaluation Model
- Goal-Free Evaluation
- Internal Evaluation
- Needs Assessment
- Participatory Evaluation
- Personnel Evaluation
- Policy Evaluation
- Process Evaluation
- Program Evaluation
- Responsive Evaluation
- Success Case Method
- Summative Evaluation
- Utilization-Focused Evaluation
- Human Development
- Instrument Development
- Accreditation
- Alignment
- Angoff Method
- Body of Work Method
- Bookmark Method
- Construct-Related Validity Evidence
- Content Analysis
- Content Standard
- Content Validity Ratio
- Curriculum Mapping
- Cut Scores
- Ebel Method
- Equating
- Instructional Sensitivity
- Item Analysis
- Item Banking
- Item Development
- Learning Maps
- Modified Angoff Method
- Norming
- Proficiency Levels in Language
- Readability
- Score Linking
- Standard Setting
- Table of Specifications
- Vertical Scaling
- Organizations and Government Agencies
- American Educational Research Association
- American Evaluation Association
- American Psychological Association
- Educational Testing Service
- Institute of Education Sciences
- Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium Standards
- Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation
- National Council on Measurement in Education
- National Science Foundation
- Office of Elementary and Secondary Education
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers
- Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium
- Teachers’ Associations
- U.S. Department of Education
- World Education Research Association
- Professional Issues
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- Guiding Principles for Evaluators
- Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
- Accountability
- Certification
- Classroom Observations
- Compliance
- Confidentiality
- Conflict of Interest
- Data-Driven Decision Making
- Educational Researchers, Training of
- Ethical Issues in Educational Research
- Ethical Issues in Evaluation
- Ethical Issues in Testing
- Evaluation Consultants
- Federally Sponsored Research and Programs
- Framework for Teaching
- Licensure
- Professional Development of Teachers
- Professional Learning Communities
- School Psychology
- Teacher Evaluation
- Teachers’ Associations
- Publishing
- Qualitative Research
- Auditing
- Delphi Technique
- Discourse Analysis
- Document Analysis
- Ethnography
- Field Notes
- Focus Groups
- Grounded Theory
- Historical Research
- Interviewer Bias
- Interviews
- Market Research
- Member Check
- Narrative Research
- Naturalistic Inquiry
- Participant Observation
- Qualitative Data Analysis
- Qualitative Research Methods
- Transcription
- Trustworthiness
- Research Concepts
- Applied Research
- Aptitude-Treatment Interaction
- Causal Inference
- Data
- Ecological Validity
- External Validity
- File Drawer Problem
- Fraudulent and Misleading Data
- Generalizability
- Hypothesis Testing
- Impartiality
- Interaction
- Internal Validity
- Objectivity
- Order Effects
- Representativeness
- Response Rate
- Scientific Method
- Type III Error
- Research Designs
- ABA Designs
- Action Research
- Case Study Method
- Causal-Comparative Research
- Cross-Cultural Research
- Crossover Design
- Design-Based Research
- Double-Blind Design
- Experimental Designs
- Gain Scores, Analysis of
- Latin Square Design
- Meta-Analysis
- Mixed Methods Research
- Monte Carlo Simulation Studies
- Nonexperimental Designs
- Pilot Studies
- Posttest-Only Control Group Design
- Pre-experimental Designs
- Pretest–Posttest Designs
- Quasi-Experimental Designs
- Regression Discontinuity Analysis
- Repeated Measures Designs
- Single-Case Research
- Solomon Four-Group Design
- Split-Plot Design
- Static Group Design
- Time Series Analysis
- Triple-Blind Studies
- Twin Studies
- Zelen’s Randomized Consent Design
- Research Methods
- Classroom Observations
- Cluster Sampling
- Control Variables
- Convenience Sampling
- Debriefing
- Deception
- Expert Sampling
- Judgment Sampling
- Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods
- Quantitative Research Methods
- Quota Sampling
- Random Assignment
- Random Selection
- Replication
- Simple Random Sampling
- Snowball Sampling
- Stratified Random Sampling
- Survey Methods
- Systematic Sampling
- Weighting
- Research Tools
- Amos
- ATLAS.ti
- BILOG-MG
- Bubble Drawing
- C Programming Languages
- Collage Technique
- Computer Programming in Quantitative Analysis
- Concept Mapping
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- HLM
- HyperResearch
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- Johari Window
- Kelly Grid
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- Mplus
- National Assessment of Educational Progress
- NVivo
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- Programme for International Student Assessment
- Progress in International Reading Literacy Study
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- 45 CFR Part 46
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- Alignment
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- Assent
- Belmont Report
- Cheating
- Confidentiality
- Conflict of Interest
- Corporal Punishment
- Cultural Competence
- Deception in Human Subjects Research
- Declaration of Helsinki
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- Ethical Issues in Testing
- Falsified Data in Large-Scale Surveys
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- Fraudulent and Misleading Data
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- High-Stakes Tests
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- Mixed Model Analysis of Variance
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- Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance
- Simple Linear Regression
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- Standard Error of Measurement
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- Constructivist Approach
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- Educational Psychology
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- Emotional Intelligence
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- Experimental Phonetics
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- Generalizability Theory
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- Information Processing Theory
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- Terman Study of the Gifted
- Transformative Paradigm
- Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
- True Score
- Unitary View of Validity
- Universal Design in Education
- Wicked Problems
- Zone of Proximal Development
- Threats to Research Validity
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- Assessment Issues
