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Communication, Instant Messaging and Other New Media
Susan Sprecher & Elizabeth Wickes
In: Encyclopedia of Human Relationships
Communication, Instant Messaging and Other New Media
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Sprecher, S. & Wickes, E. (2009). Communication, instant messaging and other new media. In H. T. Reis & S. Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of human relationships (pp. 257-259). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781412958479.n86
Sprecher, Susan and Elizabeth Wickes. "Communication, Instant Messaging and Other New Media." In Encyclopedia of Human Relationships, edited by Harry T. Reis and Susan Sprecher, 257-259. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009. doi: 10.4135/9781412958479.n86.
Sprecher, S & Wickes, E 2009, 'Communication, instant messaging and other new media', in Reis, HT & Sprecher, S (eds), Encyclopedia of human relationships, SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 257-259, viewed 26 May 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781412958479.n86.
Sprecher, Susan and Elizabeth Wickes. "Communication, Instant Messaging and Other New Media." Encyclopedia of Human Relationships. Eds. Harry T. Reis and Susan Sprecher. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009. 257-259. SAGE Knowledge. Web. 26 May. 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781412958479.n86.
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- Reader's Guide
- Entries A-Z
- Subject Index
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Communication is necessary to develop, maintain, and end relationships. Today, a portion of that relational communication for many people, particularly adolescents and young adults, occurs in text-based modalities that can be sent instantaneously but do not require physical ...
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- Cognitive Processes in Relationships
- Accounts
- Approach and Avoidance Orientations
- Attribution Processes in Relationships
- Beliefs about Relationships
- Beliefs, Destiny versus Growth
- Cognitive Processes in Relationships
- Comparison Levels
- Couple Identity
- Empathic Accuracy and Inaccuracy
- Empathy
- Expectation States Theory, Applied to Relationships
- Expectations about Relationships
- Fairness in Relationships
- First Impressions
- Gain-Loss Theory of Attraction
- Gender Stereotypes
- Gender-Role Attitudes
- Idealization
- Ideals about Relationships
- Information Seeking
- Language Usage in Relationships
- Lesser Interest, Principle of
- Love, Prototype Approach
- Marriage, Expectations About
- Memories and Relationships
- Misattribution
- Mood and Relationships
- Norms about Relationships
- Perspective Taking
- Physical Attractiveness Stereotype
- Reciprocity, Norm of
- Romanticism
- Rules of Relationships
- Satisfaction in Relationships
- Security in Relationships
- Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
- Self-Expansion Model
- Self-Regulation in Relationships
- Social Comparison, Effects on Relationships
- Transference
- Unconditional Positive Regard
- Understanding
- Validation in Relationships
- Values and Relationships
- Communication Processes
- Accounts
- Accuracy in Communication
- Advice, Self-Help, and Media Advice about Relationships
- Affinity Seeking
- Arguing
- Communication Accommodation Theory
- Communication Processes, Verbal
- Communication Skills
- Communication, Gender Differences in
- Communication, Instant Messaging and Other New Media
- Communication, Nonverbal
- Communication, Norms and Rules
- Computer-Mediated Communication
- Conflict Patterns
- Conflict Resolution
- Criticism in Relationships
- Deception and Lying
- Dialectical Processes
- Discourse Analysis
- Display Rules
- Dissolution of Relationships, Breakup Strategies
- Dissolution of Relationships, Processes
- Dyssemia
- Embarrassment
- Emotional Communication
- Empathic Accuracy and Inaccuracy
- Empathy
- Equivocation
- Exchange Processes
- Facework
- Facial Expressions
- Family Communication
- Flirting
- Gossip
- Information Seeking
- Ingratiation
- Interaction Analysis
- Internet and Social Connectedness
- Interpersonal Influence
- Interpersonal Sensitivity
- Interruptions, Conversational
- Language Usage in Relationships
- Lies in Close and Casual Relationships
- Listening
- Media Depictions of Relationships
- Media Influences on Relationships
- Metacommunication
- Negative Affect Reciprocity
- Negotiation
- Nonverbal Communication, Status Differences
- Nonverbal Involvement
- Openness and Honesty
- Parent-Adolescent Communication
- Personal Idioms
- Perspective Taking
- Persuasion
- Positive Affectivity
- Rapport
- Relationship Messages
- Responsiveness
- Secret Relationships
- Secrets
- Self-Disclosure
- Sexual Communication between Partners
- Social Networks, Dyad Effects on
- Social Networks, Effects on Developed Relationships
- Social Networks, Role in Relationship Initiation
- Social Skills in Childhood
- Social Skills, Adults
- Social Support, Nature of Storytelling
- Taboo Topics
- Touch
- Understanding
- Validation in Relationships
- Warmth, Interpersonal
- Creating and Maintaining Closeness
- Accommodation
- Acquaintance Process
- Affection and Affectionate Behavior
- Affiliation
- Affirmation
- Approach and Avoidance Orientations
- Arousal and Attraction
- Capitalization
- Closeness
- Commitment, Predictors and Outcomes
- Commitment, Theories and Typologies
- Comparison Levels
- Compatibility
- Complementarity
- Connectedness, Tension with Autonomy
- Couple Identity
- Courtship and Dating, Cross-Cultural Differences in
- Courtship, Models and Processes of
- Dependence
- Developing Relationships
- Early Years of Marriage Project
- Familiarity Principle of Attraction
- First Impressions
- Food and Relationships
- Forgiveness
- Friendship Formation and Development
- Fun in Relationships
- Idealization
- Ingratiation
- Initiating Relationships
- Internet and Social Connectedness
- Interpersonal Attraction
- Interpersonal Dependency
- Interpersonal Process Model of Intimacy
- Intimacy
- Investment Model
- Lesser Interest, Principle of
- Liking
- Long-Distance Relationships
- Maintaining Relationships
- Marriage, Transition to
- Matching Hypothesis
- Minding the Relationship
- Mutual Cyclical Growth
- Openness and Honesty
- Personal Space
- Physical Attractiveness, Role in Relationships
- Proximity and Attraction
- Respect
- Responsiveness
- Rewards and Costs in Relationships
- Risk in Relationships
- Secret Tests of Relationship Status
- Secrets
- Self-Disclosure
- Sex and Love
- Sex in Established Relationships
- Sexuality and Attachment
- Shared Activities
- Similarity in Ongoing Relationships
- Similarity Principle of Attraction
- Social Penetration Theory
- Social Support, Nature of
- Stage Theories of Relationship Development
- Transformation of Motivation
- Trust
- Turning Points in Relationships
- Understanding
- Validation in Relationships
- Warmth, Interpersonal
- Willingness to Sacrifice
- The Dark Side of Relationships
- Abuse and Violence in Relationships
- Abused Women Remaining in Relationships
- AIDS, Effects on Relationships
- Alcohol and Sexual Assault
- Alcoholism, Effects on Relationships
- Alienation and Anomie
- Alzheimer's Disease and Relationships
- Ambivalence
- Arguing
- Batterers
- Bereavement
- Betrayal
- Borderline Psychopathology in Relationships
- Boredom in Relationships
- Bullying
- Child Abuse and Neglect
- Conflict Patterns
- Conflict Prevalence and Sources
- Conflict, Family
- Conflict, Marital
- Criticism in Relationships
- Dark Side of Relationships
- Deception and Lying
- Depression and Relationships
- Deteriorating Relationships
- Disillusionment in Marriage
- Dissolution of Relationships, Breakup Strategies
- Dissolution of Relationships, Causes
- Dissolution of Relationships, Coping and Aftermath
- Divorce, Children and
- Divorce, Effects on Adults
- Divorce, Prevalence and Trends
- Elder Abuse and Neglect
- Enemies
- Envy
- Expressed Emotion
- Extradyadic Sex
- Fatal Attraction
- Friendship, Conflict and Dissolution
- Hostility
- Incest
- Intergenerational Transmission of Abuse
- Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce
- Interpersonal Dependency
- Isolation, Health Effects
- Jealousy
- Lies in Close and Casual Relationships
- Loneliness
- Loneliness, Children
- Loss
- Love, Unreciprocated
- Negative Affect Reciprocity
- Negative Interactions during Late Life
- Obsessive Love
- Obsessive Relational Intrusion
- Ostracism
- Prejudice
- Psychopathology, Genetic Transmission of
- Psychopathology, Influence on Family Members
- Rape
- Rejection
- Rejection Sensitivity
- Relational Aggression
- Relationship Distress and Depression
- Revenge
- Sexual Aggression
- Sexual Dysfunctions
- Sexual Harassment
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Relationships
- Shyness
- Social Allergies
- Social Anxiety
- Social Isolation
- Stalking
- Stress and Relationships
- Substance Use and Abuse in Relationships
- Suicide and Relationships
- Transgressions
- Vengeance
- Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation Model
- Work-Family Conflict
- Dating, Courtship, and Marriage
- Adolescence, Romantic Relationships in
- Age at First Marriage
- American Couples Study
- Arranged Marriages
- Assessment of Couples
- Assortative Mating
- Attraction, Sexual
- Bank Account Model
- Barrier Forces to Relationship Dissolution
- Biological Systems for Courtship, Mating, Reproduction, and Parenting
- Boston Couples Study
- Cohabitation
- Commercial Channels for Mate Seeking
- Computer Matching Services
- Conflict, Marital
- Couples in Later Life
- Couples in Middle Age
- Courtship and Dating, Cross-Cultural Differences in
- Courtship, Models and Processes of
- Covenant Marriage
- Dating and Courtship in Midlife and Later Life
- Dating Relationships in Adolescence and Young Adulthood
- Dating, First Date
- Disillusionment in Marriage
- Division of Labor in Households
- Early Years of Marriage Project
- Engagement as a Relationship Stage
- Evolutionary Perspectives on Women's Romantic Interests
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Relationships
- Falling in Love
- Field of Eligibles and Availables
- Flirting
- Gender Roles in Relationships
- Hard-to-Get Phenomenon
- Honeymoons
- Ideals about Relationships
- Infatuation
- Internet Dating
- Internet, Attraction on
- Long-Distance Relationships
- Longitudinal Studies of Marital Satisfaction and Dissolution
- Marital Satisfaction and Quality
- Marital Stability, Prediction of
- Marital Typologies
- Marketplace Approaches to Courtship, Love, and Sex
- Marriage and Health
- Marriage and Sex
- Marriage Markets
- Marriage, Benefits of
- Marriage, Expectations About
- Marriage, Historical and Cross-Cultural Trends
- Marriage, Transition to
- Matching Hypothesis
- Mate Guarding and Poaching
- Mate Preferences
- Mate Selection
- Money and Couple Relationships
- Newlyweds
- Opening Lines
- Physical Attractiveness Stereotype
- Physical Attractiveness, Role in Relationships
- Polygamy
- Predicting Success or Failure of Marital Relationships
- Prevention and Enrichment Programs for Couples
- Process of Adaptation in Intimate Relationships (PAIR)
- Rape
- Remarriage
- Risk in Relationships
- Secret Relationships
- Sex in Established Relationships
- Shared Activities
- Social Networks, Dyad Effects on
- Speed Dating
- Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation Model
- Weddings
- Emotion Processes in Relationships
- Anger in Relationships
- Arousal and Attraction
- Boredom in Relationships
- Compassionate Love
- Criticism in Relationships
- Dependency Paradox
- Depression and Relationships
- Display Rules
- Dyssemia
- Embarrassment
- Emotion in Relationships
- Emotion Regulation in Relationships
- Emotion Regulation, Developmental Influences
- Emotional Communication
- Emotional Contagion
- Emotional Intelligence
- Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy
- Empathic Accuracy and Inaccuracy
- Empathy
- Envy
- Excitation Transfer Theory
- Expectation States Theory, Applied to Relationships
- Expressed Emotion
- Facial Expressions
- Falling in Love
- Fun in Relationships
- Gratitude
- Guilt and Shame
- Happiness and Relationships
- Hostility
- Hurt Feelings
- Interpersonal Sensitivity
- Jealousy
- Loss
- Love, Companionate and Passionate
- Love, Prototype Approach
- Love, Typologies
- Lust
- Misattribution of Arousal
- Mood and Relationships
- Negative Affect Reciprocity
- Nostalgia
- Positive Affectivity
- Rapport
- Reassurance Seeking
- Reciprocity, Norm of
- Rejection
- Relationship Distress and Depression
- Romanticism
- Satisfaction in Relationships
- Security in Relationships
- Self-Expansion Model
- Self-Regulation in Relationships
- Unconditional Positive Regard
- Warmth, Interpersonal
- Family
- Adoption
- Adulthood, Sibling Relationships in
- African-American Families
- Alzheimer's Disease and Relationships
- Arranged Marriages
- Asian-American Families
- Assessment of Families
- Aunts and Uncles, Relationships With
- Behavioral Parent Training
- Biological Systems for Courtship, Mating, Reproduction, and Parenting
- Caregiver Role
- Child Abuse and Neglect
- Conflict, Family
- Conflict, Marital
- Coupling Policies
- Covenant Marriage
- Discipline in Families
- Divorce, Children and
- Divorce, Prevalence and Trends
- Dual-Earner Couples
- Employment Effects on Relationships
- Empty Nest, Effects on Marriage
- End-of-Life, Relationship Issues During
- Ex-Partner and Ex-Spouse Relationships
- Extended Families
- Families, Coping with Cancer
- Families, Definitions and Typologies
- Families, Demographic Trends
- Families, Intergenerational Relationships in
- Families, Public Policy Issues and
- Family Communication
- Family Data, Analysis of
- Family Functioning
- Family Life Cycle
- Family Relationships in Adolescence
- Family Relationships in Childhood
- Family Relationships in Late Adulthood
- Family Relationships in Middle Adulthood
- Family Relationships in Young Adulthood
- Family Routines and Rituals
- Family Therapy
- Father-Child Relationships
- Fictive Kinship
- Foster Care, Relationships in
- Grandparent-Grandchild Relationship
- Health, Relationships as a Factor in Treatment
- Holidays and Relationships
- Incest
- Infant-Caregiver Communication
- In-laws, Relationships With
- Intergenerational Family Relationships
- Intergenerational Transmission of Abuse
- Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce
- Iowa Family Transitions Project
- Kin Relationships
- Kin Selection
- Kinkeeping
- Mother-Child Relationships in Adolescence and Adulthood
- Mother-Child Relationships in Early Childhood
- Multigenerational Households
- Nostalgia
- Parent-Adolescent Communication
- Parental Investment Theory
- Parent-Child Communication about Sex
- Parent-Child Relationships
- Parenthood, Transition to
- Parenting
- Postdivorce Relationships
- Pregnancy and Relationships
- Psychopathology, Genetic Transmission of
- Psychopathology, Influence on Family Members
- Retirement, Effects on Relationships
- Sibling Relationships
- Single-Parent Families
- Socialization
- Storytelling
- Work-Family Conflict
- Work-Family Spillover
- Friendship and Caregiving in Adulthood
- Adult Attachment, Individual Differences
- Adulthood, Sibling Relationships in
- Aging Processes and Relationships
- Alzheimer's Disease and Relationships
- Caregiver Role
- Caregiving across the Life Span
- Couples in Later Life
- Couples in Middle Age
- Dating and Courtship in Midlife and Later Life
- Disabilities, Chronic Illness, and Relationship Functioning
- Divorce, Effects on Adults
- Elder Abuse and Neglect
- Empty Nest, Effects on Marriage
- End-of-Life, Relationship Issues During
- Families, Intergenerational Relationships in
- Family Relationships in Late Adulthood
- Family Relationships in Middle Adulthood
- Family Relationships in Young Adulthood
- Friendship Formation and Development
- Friendship, Conflict and Dissolution
- Friendships in Late Adulthood
- Friendships in Middle Adulthood
- Friendships in Young Adulthood
- Friendships, Cross-Sex
- Friendships, Sex Differences and Similarities
- Intergenerational Family Relationships
- Leisure Activity
- Life Review, Role of Relationships
- Life-Span Development and Relationships
- Marriage, Benefits of
- Negative Interactions during Late Life
- Postdivorce Relationships
- Retirement, Effects on Relationships
- Similarity in Ongoing Relationships
- Social Isolation
- Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
- Health and the Biology of Relationships
- AIDS, Effects on Relationships
- Alzheimer's Disease and Relationships
- Families, Coping with Cancer
- Health and Relationships
- Health Behaviors, Relationships and Interpersonal Spread of
- Health, Relationships as a Factor in Treatment
- Hormones Related to Relationships
- Illness, Effects on Relationships
- Isolation, Health Effects
- Marriage and Health
- Mental Health and Relationships
- Parent-Child Communication about Sex
- Physicians, Relationships With
- Psychopathology, Genetic Transmission of
- Psychopathology, Influence on Family Members
- Psychotherapists, Relationships With
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Relationships
- Social Neuroscience
- Social Support and Health
- Social Support Interventions
- Stress and Relationships
- Substance Use and Abuse in Relationships
- Suicide and Relationships
- Methods for Studying Relationships
- Accounts
- Adult Attachment Interview
- Archival Methods
- Assessment of Couples
- Assessment of Families
- Bogus Stranger Paradigm
- Coding Systems for Observing Interactions
- Conflict Measurement and Assessment
- Daily Diary Methods
- Developmental Designs
- Discourse Analysis
- Dyadic Data Analysis
- Ethical Issues in Relationship Research
- Experimental Designs for Relationship Research
- Family Data, Analysis of
- Interaction Analysis
- Longitudinal Studies of Marital Satisfaction and Dissolution
- Marital Satisfaction, Assessment of
- Observational Methods
- Peer Report Methods
- Personal Relationships Journals
- Qualitative Methods in Relationship Research
- Quantitative Methods in Relationship Research
- Questionnaires, Design and Use of, in Relationship Research
- Rochester Interaction Record
- Social Relations Model
- Sociometric Methods
- Speed Dating
- Strange Situation
- Survey Methods in Relationship Research
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Adult Attachment, Individual Differences
- Aging Processes and Relationships
- Agreeableness
- Approach and Avoidance Orientations
- Attachment Typologies, Childhood
- Belonging, Need for
- Body Image, Relationship Implications
- Borderline Psychopathology in Relationships
- Communication Skills
- Communication, Gender Differences in
- Connectedness, Tension with Autonomy
- Conscientiousness, Effects on Relationships
- Coping, Developmental Influences
- Dyssemia
- Emotional Intelligence
- Exchange Orientation
- Extraversion and Introversion
- Fear of Death, Relational Implications
- Friendships, Sex Differences, and Similarities
- Gender Roles in Relationships
- Gender-Role Attitudes
- Interpersonal Sensitivity
- Intimacy, Individual Differences Related to
- Life Review, Role of Relationships
- Loneliness
- Motivation and Relationships
- Narcissism, Effects on Relationships
- Neuroticism, Effects on Relationships
- Openness and Honesty
- Optimism, Effects on Relationships
- Personal Idioms
- Personality Traits, Effects on Relationships
- Physical Attractiveness, Defining Characteristics
- Reassurance Seeking
- Rejection Sensitivity
- Resilience
- Self-Concept and Relationships
- Self-Esteem, Effects on Relationships
- Self-Monitoring and Relationships
- Sex Differences in Relationships
- Sex-Role Orientation
- Sexual Dysfunctions
- Sexual Motives
- Sexual Prejudice
- Shyness
- Social Allergies
- Social Anxiety
- Social Skills in Childhood
- Social Skills, Adults
- Sociometer Theory
- Sociosexual Orientation
- Temperament
- Trust
- Unmitigated Communion
- Waist-to-Hip Ratio and Attraction
- Prevention and Repair of Relationship Problems
- Accommodation
- Adult Attachment, Individual Differences
- Advice, Self-Help, and Media Advice about Relationships
- Apologies
- Attachment Typologies, Childhood
- Behavioral Couple Therapy
- Behavioral Parent Training
- Cognitive Behavioral Couple Therapy
- Conflict Resolution
- Couple Therapy
- Couple Therapy for Substance Abuse
- Divorce and Preventive Interventions for Children and Parents
- Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy
- Family Therapy
- Family Therapy for ADHD in Children and Adolescents
- Family Therapy for Adult Psychopathology
- Family Therapy for Noncompliance in Children and Adolescents
- Family Therapy for Substance Abuse in Adolescents
- Forgiveness
- Insight-Oriented Couple Therapy
- Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy
- Interpersonal Psychotherapy
- Intervention Programs, Domestic Violence
- Intervention Programs, Satisfaction and Stability
- Loneliness, Interventions
- Maintaining Relationships
- Mediation, Marriage Dissolution
- Mentoring Programs
- Predicting Success or Failure of Marital Relationships
- Prevention and Enrichment Programs for Couples
- Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Programs (PREP)
- Repairing Relationships
- Sexuality and Attachment
- Social Support Interventions
- Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation Model
- Willingness to Sacrifice
- Psychological Processes
- Accommodation
- Affiliation
- Affiliation in Nonhuman Animals
- Affirmation
- Approach and Avoidance Orientations
- Arousal and Attraction
- Attachment Theory
- Belonging, Need for
- Body Image, Relationship Implications
- Capitalization
- Cohesiveness in Groups
- Collectivism, Effects on Relationships
- Commitment, Predictors and Outcomes
- Commitment, Theories and Typologies
- Communal Relationships
- Compatibility
- Complementarity
- Connectedness, Tension with Autonomy
- Cooperation and Competition
- Coping, Developmental Influences
- Dependence
- Dependency Paradox
- Dissolution of Relationships, Causes
- Dissolution of Relationships, Coping and Aftermath
- Dissolution of Relationships, Processes
- Equity Theory
- Exchange Processes
- Excitation Transfer Theory
- Goal Pursuit, Relationship Influences
- Goals in Relationships
- Group Dynamics
- Helping Behaviors in Relationships
- Individuation
- Interdependence Theory
- Interpersonal Attraction
- Interpersonal Dependency
- Interpersonal Influence
- Leadership
- Liking
- Marital Satisfaction and Quality
- Mental Health and Relationships
- Morality and Relationships
- Motivation and Relationships
- Need Fulfillment in Relationships
- Negotiation
- Ostracism
- Persuasion
- Power Distribution in Relationships
- Power, Predictors of
- Prejudice
- Proximity and Attraction
- Responsiveness
- Satisfaction in Relationships
- Security in Relationships
- Self-Concept and Relationships
- Self-Presentation
- Self-Regulation in Relationships
- Self-Verification
- Social Identity Theory
- Social Learning Theory
- Socialization
- Sociometer Theory
- Transference
- Transformation of Motivation
- Sexuality
- Abortion
- Affection and Affectionate Behavior
- Alcohol and Sexual Assault
- Arousal and Attraction
- Attraction, Sexual
- Biological Systems for Courtship, Mating, Reproduction, and Parenting
- Birth Control, Relational Aspects
- Casual Sex
- Double Standard in Relationships
- Evolutionary Perspectives on Women's Romantic Interests
- Extradyadic Sex
- Fatal Attraction
- Flirting
- Friends with Benefits
- Hooking Up, Hookups
- Jealousy
- Kissing
- Lust
- Marriage and Sex
- Parent-Child Communication about Sex
- Polygamy
- Pornography, Effects on Relationships
- Pregnancy and Relationships
- Rape
- Safe Sex
- Sex and Love
- Sex in Established Relationships
- Sexual Aggression
- Sexual Communication between Partners
- Sexual Dysfunctions
- Sexual Harassment
- Sexual Intent, Perceptions of
- Sexual Intercourse, First Experience of
- Sexual Motives
- Sexual Prejudice
- Sexual Standards
- Sexuality
- Sexuality and Attachment
- Sexuality in Adolescent Relationships
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Relationships
- Sociosexual Orientation
- Stalking
- Touch
- Virginity and Virginity Loss
- Social Context of Relationships
- Advice, Self-Help, and Media Advice about Relationships
- African-American Families
- Asian-American Families
- Barrier Forces to Relationship Dissolution
- Collectivism, Effects on Relationships
- Communication, Instant Messaging and Other New Media
- Communication, Norms and Rules
- Community Involvement
- Computer-Mediated Communication
- Contextual Influences on Relationships
- Convoy Model of Social Relations
- Coupling Policies
- Courtship and Dating, Cross-Cultural Differences in
- Culture and Relationships
- Deviance, Relationship Effects
- Division of Labor in Households
- Double Standard in Relationships
- Dual-Earner Couples
- Economic Pressures, Effects on Relationships
- Employment Effects on Relationships
- Families, Demographic Trends
- Families, Public Policy Issues and
- Field of Eligibles and Availables
- Hispanic/Latino Families
- Homelessness and Relationships
- Internet and Social Connectedness
- Interracial and Interethnic Relationships
- Job Stress, Relationship Effects
- Marketplace Approaches to Courtship, Love, and Sex
- Marriage Markets
- Marriage, Historical and Cross-Cultural Trends
- Materialism and Relationships
- Media Depictions of Relationships
- Media Influences on Relationships
- Military and Relationships
- Neighbor Relations
- Norms about Relationships
- Physical Environment and Relationships
- Popularity
- Privacy
- Public Policy and Relationships
- Reciprocity, Norm of
- Religion, Spirituality, and Relationships
- Secret Relationships
- Sex Ratio
- Sexual Harassment
- Social Capital
- Social Inequalities and Relationships
- Social Networks, Dyad Effects on
- Social Networks, Effects on Developed Relationships
- Social Networks, Role in Relationship Initiation
- Socioeconomic Status
- Stress and Relationships
- Technology and Relationships
- Social Relations in Childhood and Adolescence
- Adolescence, Romantic Relationships in
- Attachment Typologies, Childhood
- Bullying
- Children's Peer Groups
- Coping, Developmental Influences
- Dating Relationships in Adolescence and Young Adulthood
- Divorce and Preventive Interventions for Children and Parents
- Divorce, Children and
- Emotion Regulation, Developmental Influences
- Family Relationships in Adolescence
- Family Relationships in Childhood
- Family Therapy for Noncompliance in Children and Adolescents
- Fatal Attraction
- Father-Child Relationships
- Fictive Kinship
- Foster Care, Relationships in
- Friendships in Adolescence
- Friendships in Childhood
- Grandparent-Grandchild Relationship
- Imaginary Companions
- Infant-Caregiver Communication
- Interracial Friendships, in Adolescence
- Life-Span Development and Relationships
- Loneliness, Children
- Mentoring Programs
- Mother-Child Relationships in Adolescence and Adulthood
- Mother-Child Relationships in Early Childhood
- Parent-Adolescent Communication
- Parent-Child Relationships
- Parenting
- Play Fighting
- Popularity
- Sexuality in Adolescent Relationships
- Sibling Relationships
- Social Skills in Childhood
- Socialization, Role of Peers
- Strange Situation
- Theoretical Approaches to Studying Relationships
- Aristotle and Plato on Relationships
- Attachment Theory
- Commitment, Theories and Typologies
- Communication Accommodation Theory
- Comparison Levels
- Convoy Model of Social Relations
- Equity Theory
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Relationships
- Exchange Processes
- Excitation Transfer Theory
- Expectation States Theory, Applied to Relationships
- Feminist Perspectives on Relationships
- Gain-Loss Theory of Attraction
- Interdependence Theory
- Investment Model
- Justice Norms Applied to Relationships
- Matching Hypothesis
- Parental Investment Theory
- Personal Relationships, Defining Characteristics
- Psychodynamic Theories of Relationships
- Psychotherapists, Relationships With
- Relationship Science, Disciplines Contributing to
- Resource Theory
- Rewards and Costs in Relationships
- Role Theory and Relationships
- Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
- Self-Expansion Model
- Social Exchange Theory
- Social Identity Theory
- Social Learning Theory
- Social Penetration Theory
- Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
- Sociometer Theory
- Symbolic Interaction Theories
- Systems Theories
- Uncertainty Reduction Theory
- Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation Model
- Weak Ties
- Types of Relationships
- Alternative Relationship Lifestyles
- Arranged Marriages
- Aunts and Uncles, Relationships With
- Change in Romantic Relationships over Time
- Closeness
- Cohabitation
- Commitment, Theories and Typologies
- Communal Relationships
- Community Involvement
- Cooperation and Competition
- Egalitarian Relationships
- Engagement as a Relationship Stage
- Families, Definitions and Typologies
- Father-Child Relationships
- Friendships in Adolescence
- Friendships in Childhood
- Friendships in Late Adulthood
- Friendships in Middle Adulthood
- Friendships in Young Adulthood
- Friendships, Cross-Sex
- Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Relationships
- God, Relationships With
- Grandparent-Grandchild Relationship
- Interracial and Interethnic Relationships
- Kin Relationships
- Love, Companionate and Passionate
- Love, Typologies
- Marital Typologies
- Mentoring Relationships
- Mother-Child Relationships in Early Childhood
- Neighbor Relations
- Personal Relationships, Defining Characteristics
- Pet-Human Relationships
- Physicians, Relationships With
- Polygamy
- Relationship Science, Disciplines Contributing to
- Relationship Types and Taxonomies
- Rules of Relationships
- Sibling Relationships
- Singlehood
- Stage Theories of Relationship Development
- Stepfamilies
- Teacher-Student Relationships
- Workplace Relationships
- Cognitive Processes in Relationships
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Citations
Sprecher, S. & Wickes, E. (2009). Communication, instant messaging and other new media. In H. T. Reis & S. Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of human relationships (pp. 257-259). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781412958479.n86
Sprecher, Susan and Elizabeth Wickes. "Communication, Instant Messaging and Other New Media." In Encyclopedia of Human Relationships, edited by Harry T. Reis and Susan Sprecher, 257-259. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009. doi: 10.4135/9781412958479.n86.
Sprecher, S & Wickes, E 2009, 'Communication, instant messaging and other new media', in Reis, HT & Sprecher, S (eds), Encyclopedia of human relationships, SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 257-259, viewed 26 May 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781412958479.n86.
Sprecher, Susan and Elizabeth Wickes. "Communication, Instant Messaging and Other New Media." Encyclopedia of Human Relationships. Eds. Harry T. Reis and Susan Sprecher. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2009. 257-259. SAGE Knowledge. Web. 26 May. 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781412958479.n86.
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