Marginal regions are regions that are situated somewhere at the edge or at the margin of a system and are not part of the traditional center-periphery model. Marginal regions and peripheries are not the same. Marginal regions are also called associated regions, isolated regions, or dead angles. While centers and peripheries exist in more or less intense mutual relationships, these regions (or places) occupy different positions within the system. They can be categorized as follows:

• 1.
  Associated region: A place can lead a life of its own and yet be associated with a major center, such as the port city of a capital. There are close ties between it and the center but no unilateral dependency.
• 2.
  Isolated region: A place may have intense internal relations but little contact ...