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Participant Observation
A data collection strategy inherited from cultural anthropology and, more specifically, ethnography. The strategy consists of the dual roles of participation and observation, which are best understood as a continuum from mostly observer to mostly participant, and variants between. A common caution about participant observation is the potential for “going native,” in which case the evaluator completely adopts an insider's perspective and thus loses the evaluator persona. Participant observation requires that the evaluator spend time immersed in the context of the evaluand; take part in day-to-day activities; and record dialogue, interactions, and events through field notes, photography, artifacts, and interviews. An underlying assumption is that understanding the evaluand will be enhanced by an insider or empathetic view, one that requires assuming at least marginally a ...
- Concepts, Evaluation
- Personnel Evaluation
- Advocacy in Evaluation
- Evaluand
- Evaluation
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- Multicultural Evaluation
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- Participatory Action Research (PAR)
- Participatory Evaluation
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- American Evaluation Association (AEA)
- American Institutes for Research (AIR)
- Buros Institute
- Center for Instructional Research and Curriculum Evaluation (CIRCE)
- Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST)
- Center for the Study of Evaluation (CSE)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- Centre for Applied Research in Education (CARE)
- ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation
- Evaluation Center, The
- Evaluation Research Society (ERS)
- Evaluators' Institute™, The
- General Accounting Office (GAO)
- International Development Evaluation Association (IDEAS)
- International Development Research Center (IDRC)
- International Organization for Cooperation in Evaluation (IOCE)
- International Program in Development Evaluation Training (IPDET)
- Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation
- Mathematica Policy Research
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- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- National Science Foundation (NSF)
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
- Performance Assessment Resource Centre (PARC)
- Philanthropic Evaluation
- RAND Corporation
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- United States Agency of International Development (USAID)
- Urban Institute
- Westat
- WestEd
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- People
- Abma, Tineke A.
- Adelman, Clem
- Albæk, Erik
- Alkin, Marvin C.
- Altschuld, James W.
- Bamberger, Michael J.
- Barrington, Gail V.
- Bhola, H. S.
- Bickel, William E.
- Bickman, Leonard
- Bonnet, Deborah G.
- Boruch, Robert
- Brisolara, Sharon
- Campbell, Donald T.
- Campos, Jennie
- Chalmers, Thomas
- Chelimsky, Eleanor
- Chen, Huey-Tsyh
- Conner, Ross
- Cook, Thomas D.
- Cooksy, Leslie
- Cordray, David
- Cousins, J. Bradley
- Cronbach, Lee J.
- Dahler-Larsen, Peter
- Datta, Lois-ellin
- Denny, Terry
- Eisner, Elliot
- Engle, Molly
- Farrington, David
- Fetterman, David M.
- Fitzpatrick, Jody L.
- Forss, Kim
- Fournier, Deborah M.
- Freeman, Howard E.
- Frierson, Henry T.
- Funnell, Sue
- Georghiou, Luke
- Glass, Gene V
- Grasso, Patrick G.
- Greene, Jennifer C.
- Guba, Egon G.
- Hall, Budd L.
- Hastings, J. Thomas
- Haug, Peder
- Henry, Gary T.
- Hood, Stafford L.
- Hopson, Rodney
- House, Ernest R.
- Hughes, Gerunda B.
- Ingle, Robert
- Jackson, Edward T.
- Julnes, George
- King, Jean A.
- Kirkhart, Karen
- Konrad, Ellen L.
- Kushner, Saville
- Leeuw, Frans L.
- Levin, Henry M.
- Leviton, Laura
- Light, Richard J.
- Lincoln, Yvonna S.
- Lipsey, Mark W.
- Lundgren, Ulf P.
- Mabry, Linda
- MacDonald, Barry
- Madison, Anna Marie
- Mark, Melvin M.
- Mathison, Sandra
- Mertens, Donna M.
- Millet, Ricardo A.
- Moos, Rudolf H.
- Morell, Jonathan A.
- Morris, Michael
- Mosteller, Frederick
- Narayan, Deepa
- Nathan, Richard
- Nevo, David
- Newcomer, Kathryn
- Newman, Dianna L.
- O'Sullivan, Rita
- Owen, John M.
- Patel, Mahesh
- Patton, Michael Quinn
- Pawson, Ray
- Pollitt, Christopher
- Porteous, Nancy L.
- Posavac, Emil J.
- Preskill, Hallie
- Reichardt, Charles S. (Chip)
- Rist, Ray C.
- Rog, Debra J.
- Rogers, Patricia J.
- Rossi, Peter H.
- Rugh, Jim
- Russon, Craig W.
- Ryan, Katherine E.
- Sanders, James R.
- Scheirer, Mary Ann
- Schwandt, Thomas A.
- Scriven, Michael
- Shadish, William R.
- Shulha, Lyn M.
- Simons, Helen
- Smith, M. F.
- Smith, Nick L.
- Stake, Robert E.
- Stanfield, John II
- Stanley, Julian C.
- Stufflebeam, Daniel L.
- Tilley, Nick
- Torres, Rosalie T.
- Toulemonde, Jacques
- Trochim, William
- Tyler, Ralph W.
- VanderPlaat, Madine
- Wadsworth, Yoland
- Walberg, Herbert J.
- Walker, Rob
- Weiss, Carol Hirschon
- Whitmore, Elizabeth
- Wholey, Joseph S.
- Wildavsky, Aaron B.
- Worthen, Blaine R.
- Wye, Christopher G.
- Publications
- American Journal of Evaluation
- Evaluation & the Health Professions
- Evaluation and Program Planning
- Evaluation Review: A Journal of Applied Social Research
- Evaluation: The International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice
- New Directions for Evaluation (NDE)
- Practical Assessment, Research on Evaluation (PARE)
- The Personnel Evaluation Standards
- The Program Evaluation Standards
- EvalTalk
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- Qualitative Methods
- Archives
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- Comparative Analysis
- Constant Comparative Method
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- Deliberative Forums
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- Emergent Design
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- Ethnography
- Etic Perspective
- Fieldwork
- Focus Group
- Gendered Evaluation
- Grounded Theory
- Group Interview
- Key Informants
- Mixed Methods
- Narrative Analysis
- Natural Experiments
- Negative Cases
- Observation
- Participant Observation
- Phenomenography
- Portfolio
- Portrayal
- Qualitative Data
- Rapid Rural Appraisal
- Reflexivity
- Rival Interpretations
- Thick Description
- Think-Aloud Protocol
- Unique-Case Analysis
- Unobtrusive Measures
- Quantitative Methods
- Aggregate Matching
- Backward Mapping
- Benchmarking
- Concept Mapping
- Correlation
- Cross-Sectional Design
- Errors of Measurement
- Fault Tree Analysis
- Field Experiment
- Matrix Sampling
- Meta-analysis
- Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis
- Panel Studies
- Pre-Post Design
- Quantitative Data
- Quantitative Weight and Sum
- Regression Analysis
- Standardized Test
- Statistics
- Surveys
- Time Series Analysis
- Representation, Reporting, Communicating
- Systems
- Technology
- Utilization
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