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Second Congo War (1998–2003)
- Entry
- Reader's Guide
- Entries A-Z
- Subject Index
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Also called Africa's World War, the Second Congo War broke out in 1998 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, formerly Zaire (DRC), and officially ended in 2003. However, hostilities continued in the eastern region. The war was the largest in the modern history of Africa, and took the lives of almost four million people. Nine African nations and more than 20 armed groups were directly involved in the conflict. It created one of the worst humanitarian disasters in the world, leaving a heavy toll of death, famine, and disease.
In May 1997, Zaire's government was overthrown, and its leader, Mobutu Sese Seko, left the country. The armed rebels were led by Laurent-Désiré Kabila and supported by Rwanda, Uganda, and Angola. Kabila proclaimed himself as president of ...
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- Africa, North
- Africa, Sub-Saharan
- Asia, East
- Asia, West, Central, and South
- Australia and Pacific Region
- Canada
- Caribbean Island Region
- China
- Mexico
- Middle East
- Ring of Fire
- Russia
- South America
- United Kingdom
- United States, California and West Coast
- United States, Great Lakes
- United States, Hawaii and Pacific Territories
- United States, Mid-Atlantic
- United States, Midwest
- United States, Mountain States
- United States, National
- United States, Northeast
- United States, Northwest and Northern Plains
- United States, Southeast and Gulf Coast
- United States, Southwest
- American Red Cross
- Center for International Disaster Information (CIDI)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- ChildFund International
- Coast Guard, U.S.
- Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE)
- Defense, U.S. Department of Direct Relief
- Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Response Associations
- Interpol
- Lutheran World Federation
- Mercy Corps
- National Governments
- Peace Corps
- Red Crescent Society
- Relief International
- Relief Rules
- Salvation Army
- St. Vincent de Paul
- State Governments
- United Nations
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
- World Concern
- World Emergency Relief
- World Food Program
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- World Relief
- World Vision
- History of Disaster Relief, Africa
- History of Disaster Relief, Ancient World
- History of Disaster Relief, China and East Asia
- History of Disaster Relief, Europe
- History of Disaster Relief, India
- History of Disaster Relief, Middle East
- History of Disaster Relief, North America
- History of Disaster Relief, Pacific Region
- Chemical Disasters
- Cyberattacks
- Economic Disasters
- Food Contamination Disasters
- Gulf Coast Oil Spill (2010)
- Pandemic/Biological Accidents
- Poverty and Disasters
- Radiation Disasters
- Air Transport
- Food Distribution Infrastructure
- Internet
- Mass Transit
- Ports
- Railroads
- Roads
- Schools
- Community Preparedness
- Community Response
- Evacuation
- Fire Departments
- Home Preparedness
- Local Hazards
- Municipal Offices of Emergency Management
- Personal Preparedness
- Bubonic Plague
- HIV/AIDS
- Malaria (20th Century-Present)
- Measles (1850-Present)
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
- Smallpox (20th Century)
- Tuberculosis (20th Century-Present)
- First Aid
- Hysteria
- Pandemic Planning
- Panic
- Panic
- Psychology, Mass
- Psychology, Personal
- Social Work
- Stress Syndromes
- Agricultural Production
- Business Continuity Planning
- Citizen Preparedness Programs
- Cooperation Between Civilian and Military Agencies
- Crisis Management
- Education
- Emergency Response Guidelines and Regulations
- Emergency Rooms
- Mass Casualty Management
- Media
- National Incident Management System (NIMS)
- National Standards
- Packaging and Tracing of Food
- Paramedics
- Political Economy of Food
- Provision of Food in Disasters
- Refugee Policy
- Refugees, Care of
- Reserve Storage and Transport
- Transportation
- Vulnerable Populations
- Incentives, Intergovernmental and Intersystem
- Mitigation, Benefits and Costs of
- Private Sector, Role in Mitigation
- Public Sector, Role in Mitigation
- Public-Private Interactions in Mitigation
- Regulatory Approaches to Mitigation
- Risk, Government Assumption of
- Risk, Individual Assumption of
- Avalanches
- Diseases
- Droughts
- Earthquakes
- Fires, Forest
- Fires, Urban
- Floods
- Heat Waves
- Bilateral Versus Multilateral Aid
- Domestic Corruption in International Disasters
- Domestic Politics in International Disasters
- Donations, National
- Donations, Personal
- Funding of International Relief
- Fundraising Cycles
- Politics in International Funding
- Intergovernmental Relations and Preparedness
- Planning for Disasters, International
- Planning for Disasters, Local
- Planning for Disasters, National
- Political Support for Preparedness
- Preparedness, Function of
- Preparedness Policy Implementation
- Private Sector, Role in Preparedness
- Private Sector, Role in Recovery
- Recovery, International
- Recovery, Local
- Recovery, National
- Recovery, Phases of
- Recovery, Role of Governments in
- Private Sector, Role in Response
- Response, Management Strategies
- Response, Operational Strategies
- Response, Stress Impacts of
- Data Processing
- Early Warning and Prediction Systems
- Funding, U.S.
- Global Warming
- Modeling
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
- Real-Time Communications
- Research
- Causes of Complex Emergencies
- Cross-Cultural Interactions
- Cycles of a Disaster
- Disaster Experience
- Education
- Emergency Management Resources
- Ethics of Charity Relief
- Ethnicity and Minority Status Effects on Preparedness
- Public Policy
- Refugees
- Relief Versus Development
- Risk Communications
- Risk Management
- Risk Perceptions
- Social Impact of Disasters
- Training for Disasters
- Victimology
- United States, California and West Coast
- United States, Great Lakes
- United States, Hawaii and Pacific Territories
- United States, Mid-Atlantic
- United States, Midwest
- United States, Mountain States
- United States, National
- United States, Northeast
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